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ANA > Lec 1 Epithelia > Flashcards

Lec 1 Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of dye is hematoxylin

What cell components can it attract

A

Hematoxylin is a basic dye. (blue)
It attracts acidic molecules like DNA, RNA and ribosomes.
We will see these stain blue.

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2
Q

What kind of dye is Eosin

What does it stain.

A

Eosin is a acidic dye. Stains basic molecules like proteins.

Pink color

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3
Q

What is the epithelium on the outer surface called.

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

What is the name for the epidermis and its connective tissue

A

Cutaneous membrane - Skin

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5
Q

What are internal body surface (passageways open to the outside) epithelia + CT called.

A

Mucosal membrane

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6
Q

What is epithelium lining vessels - vein, arteries, heart, lymphatic vessels

A

Endothelium

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7
Q

What is the epithelium lining body cavities that doesn’t open to the outside.

A

Mesothelium - for pleural, peritoneal, pericardial cavities

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8
Q

For mesothelium, what is it when combined with CT. Name 3

A

Serous membrane - pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

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9
Q

Epithelia characteristics (6)

A
  1. Cellularity - densely packed
  2. Polarity - has func and struc different sides - basal, lateral, apical
  3. Intercellular junctions - diff connections btwn cells
  4. Basement membrane
  5. Regeneration
  6. Avascular but Innervated - no blood vessels/flow, but gets stuff by diffusion and has stuff coming from the CT through the BM
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10
Q

Basement membrane properties, origin and its func

A

Acellular layer made of cell products made from secretion from both the epithelial and CT layers
FUNCS:
1. structural support
2. attachment (contacts btwn epi, BM and CT)
3. semipermeable molecular filter(epi is avascular so metabolites need to be exchanged thru the BM
4. Provides scaffolding for repair and regen of epithelium

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11
Q

Epithelial functions (4), What determines its function

A
  1. Physical protection - barrier to dehydration, microbial attack, abrasion
  2. controlled permeability - ANYTHING substance that crosses into body must cross a epithelium (trans, para and molecular transport)
  3. Provides sensation - touch, temp, vision, hearing, balance, smell
  4. produce specialized secretions - sweat, hormones … from glandular epi

FUNC is determined from the requirements of its LOCATION

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12
Q

What is the development order for epithelia

A

All starts off as a simple epi, then can remain a simple or become stratified or for a gland ( exocrine, endocrine)

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13
Q

What does multicellular glands structure consist of

A

Duct and secretory portions

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14
Q

What are the different EXOCRINE glands by SECRETION type

A

Mucous glands - secretes mucinogens
Serous glands - secretes a protein-rich, watery soln
Mixed seromucous glands - population of both types

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15
Q

What are the different EXOCRINE glands by MODE OF SECRETION

A

Merocrine - secretory product released by exocytosis
Apocrine - Some cytoplasm released with product, apex of cell gets packed with vesicles and then pinched off
Holocrine - entire cell sheds into the lumen of the exocrine glands

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16
Q

Explain Goblet cells

A

Unicellular exocrine glands found spread out in epithelial cells - produces mucinogens
Secretes out the APICAL end

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17
Q

Where are multicellular endocrine cells found and where does it secrete into

A

In CT where they lose attachment to the epithelium

Ductless, secretes into interstitial fluid to be taken up and delivered in blood

18
Q

What does UNIcellular endocrine cells exist as?

What do they do

A

In some covering epithelia as Diffuse Neuroendocrine cells and in digestive tract as Enteroendocrine cells
Secrete into underlying BM tissue fluid, Can be used for paracrine or systemic sig

19
Q

What is the size and number of microvilli proportional to

A

Proportional to the rate at which molecules move

20
Q

What specialization of the apical surface microvilli provide

A

Increase surface area that func in absorption and secretion

  • nutrients absorbed thru apical side of epithelia and then into BM and CT where blood picks it up
  • well developed in SI and kidney
  • minimally motile
  • actin core and terminal web
21
Q

What is cilia specialized for on the Apical surface

Where is it found

A

Specialized to move fluid along the luminal surface
Highly motile and synchronized
Core of microtubules, dynein proteins
Highly developed in respiratory and uterine tube epithelia

22
Q

What are the functional classes of intercellular junctions(3)

A

Anchoring junctions - provide mech strength, connects cytoskeleton of epi cells and to BM
Occluding junctions - blocks intercellular spac, controls paracellular movement
Communicating junctions - controls ionic/ molecular movement, pores connecting adjacent epi cells

23
Q

What does the zonula adherins do

Where is it well developed

A

Surrounds cells and bind them together (Beers plastic)
ZA links the actin microfilament cytoskeleton between cells - transmembrane protein Cadherins links across the IC space where proteinaceous plaques (catenins and Vinculins) connect Cadherins to the actin
Well developed in the SI

24
Q

What does desmosomes do, how are they similar or different to zonula adherins

A

Desmosomes links cells together
Links though Intermediate filament cytoskeleton (different from ZA - actin cytoskeleton)
Links with Cadherins though the IC space (same as ZA)

25
Q

What does Desmosomes function where is it found most

A

Distributes sheer forces

Found in skin

26
Q

What is the role of Hemidesmosomes, what links does it make, where is most common

A

Anchors epithelia to underlying tissue
Links cytoskeletal IF (keratin) in epi cells across the basal surface to the BM (common in skin)
Integrins - transmembrane proteins that bind from basal epi to molecules of BM (across EC space)

27
Q

What kind of cellular movement does TIGHT junc control

A

paracellular movement

28
Q

What glycoprotein is in tight junctions

A

Integral transmembrane protein CLAUDINS

Forms branching anastomosing strips

29
Q

What is arranged belt like, another name for tight juncs

A

Zonula occludens

30
Q

What is the tight junction a important part of

What is it important for in terms of actively transported molecules

A

BBB, Blood testis barrier, Blood thymus barrier

Prevents back diffusion, important for creating gradients

31
Q

What is the gap junc made of, where are they located

What does it function to do

A

Connexons - made of 6 connexins
Found on lateral cell membranes
Connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells, couples cells metabolically and electrically (movement of ions and molecules) - ensures synchronous movement

32
Q

What are characteristics of simple squamous epi

Where and in what tissues/epithelium would we find this

A

Thinness promotes rapid and passive diffusion of molecular transport
Found in Alveoli, endothelium, mesothelia

33
Q

What type of cell and what type of epithelium is on the luminal side of alveoli
What about blood vessels

A

In alveolar apical side - lined with simple squamous epithelium called pneumocytes
In blood vessels are endothelium - simple squamous epi

34
Q

What are simple cuboidal epithelium designed for

A

Lines surfaces involved in ACTIVE processes of secretion and absorption
- may have microvilli to facilitate the rate of molecular transport
(Proximal convoluted tubules, kidney)

35
Q

Simple columnar importance and function

A

lines surfaces involved in HIGH rates of absorption and secretion - SI - has microvilli and goblet cells, gall bladder- microvilli
ALSO in fallopian tubes with cilia

36
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelia in the GALL BLADDER

A

The concentrate the bile that is stored. Occurs by actively transporting water out of the lumen into the CT
Has tight junctions btwn the cells to prevent passive back diffusion of water

37
Q

Where to find pseudostratified epithelium

A

Found in respiratory tracts, and is usually ciliated and contains goblet cells to clean air before the exchange

38
Q

What is the role of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
where find

A

Protects INTERNAL surfaces from abrasion, pathogens, chemical dmg
BUT NOT from dehydration - must be kept moist by glandular secretions
Found in mouth, anus, vagina, esophagus

39
Q

What cell junction does stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium has that help it with abrasive forces

A

desmosomes

40
Q

What is the role of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, where find

A

protect from EXTERNAL abrasion, chemicals, pathogens AND prevents dehydration
Found in SKIN

41
Q

What is keratinization

A

Surface cells converted into a sheet of dead protein packed and is strongly interconnected by desmosomes

42
Q

Roles of Transitional epithelium

Where find

A

Lines surfaces that requires to be stretched and allow recoil
Urinary bladder and Ureter

ANA (4 decks)

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