LEC 1-4: WK 2 - Extensions and modifications of Basic Principles

Question 1

What is Mendel’s first principle?

Answer 1

segregation = alleles separate in equal proportions

Question 2

9:3:3:1?

Answer 2

complete dominace (dihybrid)

Question 3

1:2:1?

Answer 3

incomplete dominance/codominance

Question 4

3:1?

Answer 4

complete dominance (monohybrid)

Question 5

2:1?

Answer 5

lethal recessive allele

Question 6

9:7?

Answer 6

complementation

Question 7

12:3:1?

Answer 7

dominant epistasis

Question 8

9:3:4

Answer 8

recessive epistasis

Question 9

what is Mendel’s 2nd law?

Answer 9

indep assortment = alleles on different loci separate independently of each other

Question 10

what do Null/Amorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)

a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins

Answer 10

b and d

Question 11

what do hypomorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)

a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins

Answer 11

a and f

Question 12

What do hypermorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)

a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins

Answer 12

c and g

Question 13

What do neomorphic alleles do? (choose 1 ANS)

a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins

Answer 13

e

Question 14

Define a recessive mutation?

Answer 14

loss of function

Question 15

Define a dominant mutation?

Answer 15

a gain/alteration of function

Question 16

What is the difference b/w

a) penetrance
b) expressivity

Answer 16

a) proportion of indiv in a population (all same geno) that actually express the expected pheno
b) the degree to which a pheno is expressed

Question 17

What is phenocopy?

Answer 17

a change in a phenotype due to environmental factors that mimics a mutational change`

Question 18

show general geno for the following;

a) complementation
b) epistasis dominant
c) epistasis recessive

Answer 18

a) a/a B/B x A/A b/b
b) A/- maskes B/- or b/b
c) a/a maskes B/- or b/b

Question 19

Define pleiotropy?

Answer 19

when 1 gene is responsible for multiple pheno

Question 20

what is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle equation for;

a) frequency of a gene
b) frequency of an allele

Answer 20

a) pe2 + 2pq + qe2 = 1

b) p + q = 1

Question 21

define a barr body?

Answer 21

an inactivated X-chromosome

Question 22

define geentic mosaics?

Answer 22

heterozygous X-linked traites