LEC 1-4: WK 2 - Extensions and modifications of Basic Principles Flashcards
What is Mendel’s first principle?
segregation = alleles separate in equal proportions
9:3:3:1?
complete dominace (dihybrid)
1:2:1?
incomplete dominance/codominance
3:1?
complete dominance (monohybrid)
2:1?
lethal recessive allele
9:7?
complementation
12:3:1?
dominant epistasis
9:3:4
recessive epistasis
what is Mendel’s 2nd law?
indep assortment = alleles on different loci separate independently of each other
what do Null/Amorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)
a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins
b and d
what do hypomorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)
a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins
a and f
What do hypermorphic alleles do? (choose 2 ANS)
a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins
c and g
What do neomorphic alleles do? (choose 1 ANS)
a) produce a decreased amount o normal proteins
b) produce non-functional proteins
c) produce an increased amount of normal proteins
d) not produce proteins
e) alters already existing proteins to produce a new function
f) produce poorly functioning proteins
g) produced advanced functional proteins
e
Define a recessive mutation?
loss of function
Define a dominant mutation?
a gain/alteration of function
What is the difference b/w
a) penetrance
b) expressivity
a) proportion of indiv in a population (all same geno) that actually express the expected pheno
b) the degree to which a pheno is expressed
What is phenocopy?
a change in a phenotype due to environmental factors that mimics a mutational change`
show general geno for the following;
a) complementation
b) epistasis dominant
c) epistasis recessive
a) a/a B/B x A/A b/b
b) A/- maskes B/- or b/b
c) a/a maskes B/- or b/b
Define pleiotropy?
when 1 gene is responsible for multiple pheno
what is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle equation for;
a) frequency of a gene
b) frequency of an allele
a) pe2 + 2pq + qe2 = 1
b) p + q = 1
define a barr body?
an inactivated X-chromosome
define geentic mosaics?
heterozygous X-linked traites
