LEC 1 Flashcards
are defined as the increase in productions as a result of new machinery, technology, energy sources, or a combination of these
Industrial revolution
● 18th - 19th Century
● Steam Power and Mechanisation Production
● The era of mechanization
● Developments such as the steamship or (some 100 years later) the steam-powered locomotive brought about further massive changes because humans and goods could move great distances in fewer hours.
1st Industrial Revolution
● 1870 to 1940
● Steel, oil, electricity, and combustion engines
● Electricity was the primary source of energy for machines
● Advance manufacturing machines were producing more
● Technology Revolution
● This was a period of tremendous economic, industrial, and technological advancement taking place between the end of the American Civil War and the start of World War I.
● Considered to have been triggered by the invention of the Bessemer process for the cost-effective production of steel and the associated expansion of the U.S. railroad system, the period resulted in an unprecedented increase in industrial production.
● Advancements in factory workflow, such as mass production, electrification, and automation contributed to economic growth.
● The Second Industrial Revolution also gave rise to the first workplace safety and work hours laws, including the prohibition of child labor
2nd Industrial Revolution
● This Industrial Revolution began in the ’70s in the 20th
century through partial automation using memory-programmable
controls and computers. Since the introduction of these technologies, we are now able to automate an entire production process - without human assistance
● Information Revolution or the IT Revolution.
● The concept of a computer dates back to Charles Babbage’s
mechanical difference and analytical engines
● The first scientific and academic network in the world, known as
ARPANET, was founded in 1968.
● The first web page went live on August 6, 1991. It was dedicated to
information on the World Wide Web project and was made by Tim
Berners-Lee.
3rd Industrial Revolution
● This revolution is a paradigm shift from centralized production to
decentralized production
● Early 21st Century
● Also called 4IR or Industry 4.0
4th Industrial Revolution
are collections of physical and computer components that are integrated with each other to operate a process safely and efficiently
Cyber physical Systems (4th Industrial Revolution)
is not just a tool but a new form of intelligence that can perform tasks ranging from data analysis to
autonomous driving.
Artificial Intelligence (4th Industrial Revolution)
allows for a network of interconnected devices, enabling more efficient and intelligent operations in everything from smart
homes to industrial manufacturing.
Internet of Things (IoT) (4th Industrial Revolution)
Advanced robotics are taking over tasks that are dangerous or
repetitive, freeing humans to focus on more creative and complex
problems.
Robotics (4th Industrial Revolution)
This technology promises to revolutionize how we handle transactions, enabling secure, transparent operations without the
need for a central authority.
Blockchain (4th Industrial Revolution)
- The use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms intended to improve human health and society.
- From CRISPR gene editing to personalized medicine, is transforming healthcare and raising ethical questions about the limits of human intervention.
Biotechnology (4th Industrial Revolution)
is on-demand access, via the internet, to computing resources—applications, servers (physical servers and virtual servers), data storage, development tools, networking capabilities, and more—hosted at a remote data center managed by a cloud services provider (or CSP).
Cloud Computing (4th Industrial Revolution)
is an attempt to have computers mimic the way the human brain works. To accomplish this, cognitive computing uses artificial intelligence (AI) and other underlying technologies, including the following: Expert systems. Neural networks
- Classic examples are chatbots, self-driving cars, and smart assistants like Siri and Alexa.
Cognitive Computing (4th Industrial Revolution)
● In contrast to trends in the Fourth Revolution toward dehumanization, technology and innovation best practices are being bent back toward the service of humanity by the champions of the Fifth.
● The dawn of the cognitive age
● The 5IR promises a future where AI is not just an auxiliary function but a core component of our cognitive processes, enhancing our decision-making, creativity, and interaction with the world around us.
● It represents the next phase of industrial development, emphasizing the collaboration between humans and advanced technologies to create more sustainable and human-centric
processes.
● Unlike its predecessor, Industry 4.0, which focused on automation and the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 5.0 seeks to address
the limitations of complete automation by recognizing the value of human skills, creativity, and emotional intelligence in this digital realm. It aims to achieve a harmonious integration of humans and machines.
5th Industrial Revolution
