LEC 1

Question 1

What are the 7 Characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

1. Cellular Composition
2. Metabolism
3. Growth
4. Excretion
5. Responsiveness
6. Movement
7. Reproduction

Question 2

What is metabolism?

Answer 2

Process of changing food into energy

                       OR

Any/All chemical change within a cell or an organism

Question 3

What is Anabolic Reaction?

Answer 3

Chemical build up

Eg: Protein from amino acids OR carbohydrates from sugar

Question 4

What is catabolic reaction?

Answer 4

Chemical break down

Eg: Digesting food OR breaking down fat into fatty acids

Question 5

What is Movement?

Answer 5

The Activity of cells - (Osmosis & Diffusion)

OR

Movement of the organism itself

Question 6

What are the six (6) levels of structural organization?

Answer 6

1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organism

Question 7

Name the structure of all levels from smallest to largest?

Answer 7

1Chemical: Atoms and molecules

2 Cellular: Structures molecules

3 Tissue: Group of similar cells

4 Organ: Tissue form organs (complex structural level of organization)

5 Organ system: Grouped organs- system

6 Organism: All systems- makes up human body/whole organism

Question 8

Name all Organ Systems and some of their organs?

Answer 8

1. Skeletal System - Bones, joints
2. Integumentary system- hair,skin,nails
3. Muscular system- skeletal muscles
4. Urinary system- kidney, bladder, urethra
5. Nervous system- brain, spinal cord
6. Endocrine system- pancreas, thymus gland
7. Cardiovascular system- heart, blood vessels
8. Lymphatic system- tonsil, lymph nodes, thymus
9. Respiratory system- lungs, trachea
10. Digestive system- mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, intestines
11. Reproductive -
    Male: prostate gland, testis, penis
    Female: ovaries, uterus,vagina

Question 9

Which two organs are apart of two systems? Name the system?

Answer 9

1. Pancreas- Endorcine system & Digestive system
2. Thymus- Lymphatic system & Endocrine system

Question 10

What is anatomy?

Answer 10

Study structure of an organism

Question 11

List the three (3) types of anatomy And what they study?

Answer 11

1. Systemic anatomy
   Study human body at organ system level
2. Gross anatomy
   Study of organ and organ system with eyes - No microscope
3. Microscopic anatomy
   Study small structure (cells, tissues)
   Requires microscope

Question 12

List the 3 types of anatomy and what they study?

Answer 12

1. Systemic anatomy
   Study human body at organ system level
2. Gross anatomy
   Study organ and organ system (bones, muscles)with unaided eyes - No microscope
3. Microscopic anatomy
   Study small structures (cells & tissues)-Requires microscope

Question 13

What is Histology?

Answer 13

Study of tissues

Question 14

What is cytology?

Answer 14

Study of cells

Question 15

What is physiology?

Answer 15

Study functions of organism

Question 16

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 16

Maintenance of body internal environment

Question 17

What are the 4 principles of maintaining homeostasis? And which is the most important?

Answer 17

1. Feedback loop - (Most important)
2. Structure and function
3. Gradients
4. Cell to cell communication

Question 18

Name the types of feedback loops?

Answer 18

1. Negative feedback
2. Positive feedback

Question 19

What is negative feedback?
What is positive feedback?

Answer 19

1. Negative feedback- oppose initial change and reduce output.
   (Eg: Regulate temperature)
2. Positive feedback - Reinforce initial change, increase output
   (Eg: Child birth)

Question 20

What is a cell?

Answer 20

1. The basic unit of life
2. Makes up all living organism

Question 21

1st - What is Excretion?
2nd - List the four (4) excretory systems?

Answer 21

The removal of waste from the body

1. Urinary system - kidney
2. Respiratory system - lung
3. Integumentary system - skin
4. Digestive system - intestines