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Biochem HLS > Lec 1 > Flashcards

Lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which folate or folic acid is synthetic?

A

Folic acid (we synthesis it from folate) where as folate is the substance that get from vegetables (naturally)

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2
Q

Structure of folic acid ?

A

Glutamate amino acid , benzoic ring (ABA) , pteridine ring

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3
Q

Position of functional group of folic acid ?

A

5th atoms (on pteridine ring) & 10th atom’s (PABA)

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4
Q

Tetra hydral folate (THF)

A

2 hydrogen on each functional group

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5
Q

Function of folic acid ?

A

Cell division , make normal RBCs shape , prevent anemia (mega plastic anemia) , prevent birth defects (spina bifida) , prevent heart disease

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6
Q

Folate that get from diet is monoglutamate or polyglutamate and can it absorbed by intestine ?

A

Polyglutamate and doesn’t absorbed until it converted to monoglutamate folic acid

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7
Q

What is the enzyme that use to convert Folate to dihydrofolate and to THF?

A

Dehydrofolate refuctase

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8
Q

What is the enzyme that use to convert THF to 5,10-MTHF ?

A

Serine P5P

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9
Q

What is the enzyme that use to convert 5,10-MTHF to 5-MTHF?

A

MTHF reductase R5P

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10
Q

Where THF convert to 5-MTHF?

A

Liver

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11
Q

What is the functional form of folate ?

A

5-MTHF

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12
Q

What is the relation ship between folate & B12?

A

5-MTHF convert to THF by convert homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase enzyme (MTR) which need methyl B12 to this reaction (methyl B12 convert to B12 so produced B12 follow with produced THF)

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13
Q

What is the active form of B12?

A

Methyl B12

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14
Q

What is the enzyme that convert B12 to it activated form , and what is there product ?

A

Methionine Synthaseteductase enzyme (MTRR) which produced SAM

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15
Q

Convert polyglutamate folate to monoglutamate folate is essentially to absorption of folate , this step depend on ?

A

Zinc

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16
Q

What is the role of folate in nuclei acid ?

A

It produced purines & pyramidine &&& produced SAM from converting B12 to it active form

17
Q

What is the role of folic acid in amino acid metabolism and what is the benefit of it ?

A

Convert homocysteine to methionine which lead to reduced risk of heart disease and stroke

18
Q

Purine synthesis by Amy species of folate?

A

10-formyl THF

19
Q

Thymidine monophosphate & serine synthesis from any species of folate ?

A

5,10-mythelin THF

20
Q

Methionine synthesis from any species of folate?

A

5-methyl THF

21
Q

Methotrexate drug affecting 5-MTHF?

A

Nooooo, it affecting dihydrofolate enzyme so it doesn’t effect 5-MTHF but affect nature folate

22
Q

Does sulfonamide affecting human cell ?

A

No , so it doesn’t cause any side effect

Where are methotrexate affect human cell and cause folate deficiency

23
Q

How folate decrease risk of heart disease ?

A

By reduce amount of homocysteine which cause clot in coronary artery

24
Q

How folate decrease a cancer ?

A

Folate synthesis DNA , and responsible for DNA function by SAM and responsible for repair system sooooo deficiency in folate lead to DNA damaged then mutation and so cancer

25
Q

How folate prevent Alzheimer’s disease ?

A

Also by reduced homocysteine

26
Q

What is the neural tube defect that occurs due to low folic acid?

A

Spina bifida , anencephaly , encephalocela

27
Q

What is the type of anemia that cause by folate & B12 deficiency?

A

Megaplastic anemia

28
Q

Patient that have MTHFR deficiency enzyme suffer from?

A

Cardiovascular disease due to accumulation of homocysteine

29
Q

What is the structure of B12 ?

A

4 piral ring or corin ring with copelt center , this copelt is actively so it must stabilize by binding to another group as H2O , ch3 , cn

30
Q

What is the type of B12 that given injection ?

A

Cyanocobalamine (CN bind to copelt)

Hydroxylcobalamine (h2o bind to copelt)

31
Q

What is th role of B12?

A

DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis , energy production , amino acid biosynthesis , and also produce myelin in nervous system

32
Q

What is the reactions that B12 inter in it ?

A

Isomer action of mythylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA

And , Methylation of homocysteine to methionine

33
Q

What is the enzyme that convert methylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA?

A

Methylmalonyl coA mutase, and need B12

34
Q

Pernicious anemia?

A

Produced from deficiency in B12 due to auto immune disease (attack stomach cell which prevent IF from released)

35
Q

How IF prevent B12 from destruction ?

A

By binding to it and prevent acidity from destruction it

36
Q

How I can detect a deficiency in B12?

A

Methylmalonic acid increased when B12 decreased

Biochem HLS (3 decks)

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