Lec 1

Question 1

Which folate or folic acid is synthetic?

Answer 1

Folic acid (we synthesis it from folate) where as folate is the substance that get from vegetables (naturally)

Question 2

Structure of folic acid ?

Answer 2

Glutamate amino acid , benzoic ring (ABA) , pteridine ring

Question 3

Position of functional group of folic acid ?

Answer 3

5th atoms (on pteridine ring) & 10th atom’s (PABA)

Question 4

Tetra hydral folate (THF)

Answer 4

2 hydrogen on each functional group

Question 5

Function of folic acid ?

Answer 5

Cell division , make normal RBCs shape , prevent anemia (mega plastic anemia) , prevent birth defects (spina bifida) , prevent heart disease

Question 6

Folate that get from diet is monoglutamate or polyglutamate and can it absorbed by intestine ?

Answer 6

Polyglutamate and doesn’t absorbed until it converted to monoglutamate folic acid

Question 7

What is the enzyme that use to convert Folate to dihydrofolate and to THF?

Answer 7

Dehydrofolate refuctase

Question 8

What is the enzyme that use to convert THF to 5,10-MTHF ?

Answer 8

Serine P5P

Question 9

What is the enzyme that use to convert 5,10-MTHF to 5-MTHF?

Answer 9

MTHF reductase R5P

Question 10

Where THF convert to 5-MTHF?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

What is the functional form of folate ?

Answer 11

5-MTHF

Question 12

What is the relation ship between folate & B12?

Answer 12

5-MTHF convert to THF by convert homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase enzyme (MTR) which need methyl B12 to this reaction (methyl B12 convert to B12 so produced B12 follow with produced THF)

Question 13

What is the active form of B12?

Answer 13

Methyl B12

Question 14

What is the enzyme that convert B12 to it activated form , and what is there product ?

Answer 14

Methionine Synthaseteductase enzyme (MTRR) which produced SAM

Question 15

Convert polyglutamate folate to monoglutamate folate is essentially to absorption of folate , this step depend on ?

Answer 15

Zinc

Question 16

What is the role of folate in nuclei acid ?

Answer 16

It produced purines & pyramidine &&& produced SAM from converting B12 to it active form

Question 17

What is the role of folic acid in amino acid metabolism and what is the benefit of it ?

Answer 17

Convert homocysteine to methionine which lead to reduced risk of heart disease and stroke

Question 18

Purine synthesis by Amy species of folate?

Answer 18

10-formyl THF

Question 19

Thymidine monophosphate & serine synthesis from any species of folate ?

Answer 19

5,10-mythelin THF

Question 20

Methionine synthesis from any species of folate?

Answer 20

5-methyl THF

Question 21

Methotrexate drug affecting 5-MTHF?

Answer 21

Nooooo, it affecting dihydrofolate enzyme so it doesn’t effect 5-MTHF but affect nature folate

Question 22

Does sulfonamide affecting human cell ?

Answer 22

No , so it doesn’t cause any side effect

Where are methotrexate affect human cell and cause folate deficiency

Question 23

How folate decrease risk of heart disease ?

Answer 23

By reduce amount of homocysteine which cause clot in coronary artery

Question 24

How folate decrease a cancer ?

Answer 24

Folate synthesis DNA , and responsible for DNA function by SAM and responsible for repair system sooooo deficiency in folate lead to DNA damaged then mutation and so cancer

Question 25

How folate prevent Alzheimer’s disease ?

Answer 25

Also by reduced homocysteine

Question 26

What is the neural tube defect that occurs due to low folic acid?

Answer 26

Spina bifida , anencephaly , encephalocela

Question 27

What is the type of anemia that cause by folate & B12 deficiency?

Answer 27

Megaplastic anemia

Question 28

Patient that have MTHFR deficiency enzyme suffer from?

Answer 28

Cardiovascular disease due to accumulation of homocysteine

Question 29

What is the structure of B12 ?

Answer 29

4 piral ring or corin ring with copelt center , this copelt is actively so it must stabilize by binding to another group as H2O , ch3 , cn

Question 30

What is the type of B12 that given injection ?

Answer 30

Cyanocobalamine (CN bind to copelt) | Hydroxylcobalamine (h2o bind to copelt)

Question 31

What is th role of B12?

Answer 31

DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis , energy production , amino acid biosynthesis , and also produce myelin in nervous system

Question 32

What is the reactions that B12 inter in it ?

Answer 32

Isomer action of mythylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA | And , Methylation of homocysteine to methionine

Question 33

What is the enzyme that convert methylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA?

Answer 33

Methylmalonyl coA mutase, and need B12

Question 34

Pernicious anemia?

Answer 34

Produced from deficiency in B12 due to auto immune disease (attack stomach cell which prevent IF from released)

Question 35

How IF prevent B12 from destruction ?

Answer 35

By binding to it and prevent acidity from destruction it

Question 36

How I can detect a deficiency in B12?

Answer 36

Methylmalonic acid increased when B12 decreased