Lec 08 Immunomodulators and Antineoplastics

Question 1

Enumerate the characteristics of normal cells as against neoplastic cells.

Answer 1

Normal cells have

contact inhibition
regulated growth factors
working suppressor genes
inactive oncogenes

Question 2

This is a hallmark of malignant neoplasm.

Answer 2

metastasis

Question 3

True of cancer EXCEPT

A. Loss of contact inhibition results in many layers of neoplastic cells.
B. p53 is the most frequently mutated gene.
C. An active tumor suppressor gene and an inactive oncogene will lead to apoptosis.
D. An inactive tumor suppressor gene and an active oncogene will lead to cancer.
E. NOTA

Answer 3

E. NOTA

Question 4

The following are true of the objectives of chemotherapy EXCEPT

A. Cure - to eradicate the disease.
B. Palliative - to improve the quality of life.
C. Adjuvant - to prepare the tumor for more sensitive therapeutic modality
D. Remission - to cure the cancer
E. NOTA

Answer 4

D

Remission does not necessarily mean that the cancer is already cured. It may only be quiet.

Question 5

True of alkylating agents EXCEPT

A. They are cell cycle non-specific agents.
B. They are useful for solid cancers.
C. They are mutagenic and carcinogenic.
D. They are no longer the mainstay therapy.
E. NOTA

Answer 5

D

Alkylating agents are still usually the mainstay therapy.

Question 6

This is given with vinblastine and bleomycin for metastatic testicular carcinoma and bladder carcinoma.

Answer 6

cisplatin

Question 7

This drug is useful for rectal cancer and contains clathrin.

Answer 7

oxaliplatin

Question 8

Enumerate the mechanisms of action of alkylating agents.

Answer 8

alkyl group attachment
cross-bridge formation
nucleotide mispairing

Question 9

The usual point of attachment of alkylating agents is the

A. N4 guanine
B. N5 guanine
C. N6 guanine
D. N7 guanine
E. either A or D

Answer 9

D

Question 10

True of anti-metabolites EXCEPT

A. They are cell cycle-specific at the S phase.
B. They result in defective DNA.
C. Purine antagonists are single-ringed.
D. Methotrexate is a class of anti-metabolite.
E. NOTA

Answer 10

C

Purine analogues are double-ringed.
Pyrimidine analogues are single-ringed.

Question 11

The following are true EXCEPT

A. Uracil is mimicked by fluorouracil.
B. Fluorouracil prevents conversion of uracil to its active metabolite by reductase.
C. Methotrexate acts by competitive inhibition.
D. A & B
E. NOTA

Answer 11

B

Methotrexate prevents conversion of folic acid by dihydrofolic reductase.

Question 12

What is the antidote for methotrexate?

Answer 12

leucovorin

Question 13

6-thiopurine is an analogue of what molecule?

Answer 13

hypoxanthine

Question 14

T/F

Pyrimidine antagonists are usually used in slow-growing tumors.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

True of antibiotics EXCEPT

A. They are cytotoxic agents that are typically DNA intercalators.
B. They are cell cycle-specific and arrests cells in G2.
C. They cause free radical formation.
D. They are notorious in causing pulmonary fibrosis.
E. NOTA

Answer 15

B

They are cell cycle non-specific but arrests cells in G2

Question 16

True of bleomycin EXCEPT

A. derived from Streptomyces verticillatus
B. arrests cell cycle in G2
C. prototype antibiotic drug
D. arrests cell cycle in mitosis
E. NOTA

Answer 16

E. NOTA

Question 17

T/F

Daunorubicin has same MOA with doxorubicin.

Answer 17

T

Question 18

True of anthracyclines EXCEPT

A. They are derived from Streptomyces peucetius.
B. They may lead to resistance in tumor cells.
C. The top adverse effect is cardiotoxicity.
D. Daunorubicin is more useful in leukemias.
E. NOTA

Answer 18

E. NOTA

Question 19

Give the mechanism of action of anti-mitotics.

Answer 19

They lead to formation of tubulin dimers and overpolymerizes the microtubules thus reducing the ability to separate.

Question 20

This drug synthesized from Taxus brevifolia is used for lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck cancers.

Answer 20

paclitaxel

Question 21

Where is docetaxel obtained from?

Answer 21

European yew tree

Question 22

Vinca alkaloids are derived from what plant?

Answer 22

periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus)