Lec 08 Immunomodulators and Antineoplastics Flashcards
Enumerate the characteristics of normal cells as against neoplastic cells.
Normal cells have
contact inhibition
regulated growth factors
working suppressor genes
inactive oncogenes
This is a hallmark of malignant neoplasm.
metastasis
True of cancer EXCEPT
A. Loss of contact inhibition results in many layers of neoplastic cells.
B. p53 is the most frequently mutated gene.
C. An active tumor suppressor gene and an inactive oncogene will lead to apoptosis.
D. An inactive tumor suppressor gene and an active oncogene will lead to cancer.
E. NOTA
E. NOTA
The following are true of the objectives of chemotherapy EXCEPT
A. Cure - to eradicate the disease.
B. Palliative - to improve the quality of life.
C. Adjuvant - to prepare the tumor for more sensitive therapeutic modality
D. Remission - to cure the cancer
E. NOTA
D
Remission does not necessarily mean that the cancer is already cured. It may only be quiet.
True of alkylating agents EXCEPT
A. They are cell cycle non-specific agents.
B. They are useful for solid cancers.
C. They are mutagenic and carcinogenic.
D. They are no longer the mainstay therapy.
E. NOTA
D
Alkylating agents are still usually the mainstay therapy.
This is given with vinblastine and bleomycin for metastatic testicular carcinoma and bladder carcinoma.
cisplatin
This drug is useful for rectal cancer and contains clathrin.
oxaliplatin
Enumerate the mechanisms of action of alkylating agents.
alkyl group attachment
cross-bridge formation
nucleotide mispairing
The usual point of attachment of alkylating agents is the
A. N4 guanine B. N5 guanine C. N6 guanine D. N7 guanine E. either A or D
D
True of anti-metabolites EXCEPT
A. They are cell cycle-specific at the S phase.
B. They result in defective DNA.
C. Purine antagonists are single-ringed.
D. Methotrexate is a class of anti-metabolite.
E. NOTA
C
Purine analogues are double-ringed.
Pyrimidine analogues are single-ringed.
The following are true EXCEPT
A. Uracil is mimicked by fluorouracil.
B. Fluorouracil prevents conversion of uracil to its active metabolite by reductase.
C. Methotrexate acts by competitive inhibition.
D. A & B
E. NOTA
B
Methotrexate prevents conversion of folic acid by dihydrofolic reductase.
What is the antidote for methotrexate?
leucovorin
6-thiopurine is an analogue of what molecule?
hypoxanthine
T/F
Pyrimidine antagonists are usually used in slow-growing tumors.
T
True of antibiotics EXCEPT
A. They are cytotoxic agents that are typically DNA intercalators.
B. They are cell cycle-specific and arrests cells in G2.
C. They cause free radical formation.
D. They are notorious in causing pulmonary fibrosis.
E. NOTA
B
They are cell cycle non-specific but arrests cells in G2
True of bleomycin EXCEPT
A. derived from Streptomyces verticillatus B. arrests cell cycle in G2 C. prototype antibiotic drug D. arrests cell cycle in mitosis E. NOTA
E. NOTA
T/F
Daunorubicin has same MOA with doxorubicin.
T
True of anthracyclines EXCEPT
A. They are derived from Streptomyces peucetius.
B. They may lead to resistance in tumor cells.
C. The top adverse effect is cardiotoxicity.
D. Daunorubicin is more useful in leukemias.
E. NOTA
E. NOTA
Give the mechanism of action of anti-mitotics.
They lead to formation of tubulin dimers and overpolymerizes the microtubules thus reducing the ability to separate.
This drug synthesized from Taxus brevifolia is used for lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck cancers.
paclitaxel
Where is docetaxel obtained from?
European yew tree
Vinca alkaloids are derived from what plant?
periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus)
