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[OS 214] GI Exam 1 Cluster 4 > Lec 04: Pathology of the Stomach > Flashcards

Lec 04: Pathology of the Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

ID: What is the basis of classification of gastritis?

A

type of inflammatory cells

not duration of gastritis

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2
Q

The presence of neutrophils and lymphocytes indicates what type of gastritis?

A. acute
B. chronic
C. chronic active
D. acute on chronic
E. NOTA
A

C & D

chronic active / acute on chronic

(they are the same)

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3
Q

ID: What is the common underlying pathology of the various types of acute gastritis?

A

poor vascular perfusion

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4
Q

Which of the following are gross features of acute gastritis?

A. edematous
B. boggy
C. with punctate hemorrhages
D. A & B only
E. AOTA
A

E. AOTA

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of acute gastritis

A. disruption of the mucus layer
B. direct injury to mucosal cells
C. decreased acid
B. decreased bicarbonate
E. NOTA
A

C.

There is INCREASE in acid with back diffusion.

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6
Q

ID: What are the resultant hallmarks of chronic gastritis?

A

atrophy & intestinal metaplasia

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7
Q

ID: What are the resultant hallmarks of chronic gastritis?

A

atrophy & intestinal metaplasia

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8
Q

ID: What two neoplasms are associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis?

A

gastric lymphoma

gastric adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Which of the following H. pylori virulence factors causes an increase in gastric pH through ammonia production?

A. flagella
B. urease
C. adhesin
D. CagA toxin
E. C & D only
A

B. urease

This generates ammonia.

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10
Q

In autoimmune gastritis, antibodies are directed against what gastric components?

A. intrinsic factor
B. parietal cells
C. chief cells
D. A & B only
E. A & C only
A

D. A & B only

parietal cells & intrinsic factor

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11
Q

ID: This is a serious complication of decreased intrinsic factor.

A

megaloblastic anemia

due to vitamin B12 deficiency

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12
Q

T/F: Gastrin production is increased in autoimmune gastritis.

A

T

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13
Q

ID: This part of the GIT is where acid concentration from the stomach is highest.

A

1st part of the duodenum

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14
Q

ID: This part of the GIT is where acid concentration from the stomach is highest.

A

1st part of the duodenum

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15
Q

The following are mucosal defenses against peptic ulcer disease EXCEPT

A. mucus
B. bicarbonate
C. prostaglandin E2
D. acid
E. NOTA
A

D. acid

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16
Q

In Menetrier disease, there is increase secretion of what substance?

A. TGF-A
B. TNF
C. FGF
D. VEGF
E. IGF-1
A

A. TGF-A

transforming growth factor alpha

17
Q

ID: What is the microscopic feature of Menetrier disease?

A

hyperplasia of foveolar cells

18
Q

ID: What is the cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

gastrinoma / gastrin-secreting tumor

19
Q

The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma developing in a gastric adenoma increases significantly if the lesion is greater than

A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 3 cm
D. 4 cm
E. size does not matter but rather depth
A

B. 2 cm

Option E is true for carcinomas.

20
Q

True of gastric adenocarcinoma EXCEPT

A. most common gastric malignancy
B. common in Japan and Korea
C. related to H. pylori
D. overall incidence is increasing
E. NOTA
A

D.

Overall incidence is decreasing.

21
Q

True of gastric adenocarcinoma EXCEPT

A. most common gastric malignancy
B. common in Japan and Korea
C. related to H. pylori
D. overall incidence is increasing
E. NOTA
A

D.

Overall incidence is decreasing.

22
Q

Enumerate three risk factor of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

nitrites (preserved meat), smoked meat, cured foods
Helicobacter pylori
smoking
autoimmune gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
epithelial dysplasia
Barrett’s esophagus

23
Q

ID: This is a diffuse rugal flattening with a rigid, thickened wall that imparts a leathery appearance to the adenocarcinoma.

A

linitis plastica

24
Q

Which of the following is/are characteristic of the diffuse type of adenocarcinoma?

A. older patients
B. no associated risk factors
C. preceded by epithelial dysplasia
D. A & B only
E. AOTA
A

B.

The other two are features of INTESTINAL type.

25
Q

ID: This is a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma that metastasized to the ovary.

A

Krukenberg tumor

26
Q

True of gastric lymphoma EXCEPT

A. involves mucosa-associated lymph tissues
B. can be cured by antibiotic in the early stages
C. most common cause is H. pylori infection
D. A & B only
E. AOTA

A

E. AOTA

27
Q

ID: This is the immunostain for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

A

CD117

28
Q

ID: This drug discovered in 2000 is now used for targeted chemotherapy of GIST.

A

Imatinib (Gleevec)

[OS 214] GI Exam 1 Cluster 4 (4 decks)

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