Lec 02: Congenital Anomalies of the GI Tract Flashcards
When do lower respiratory organs begin to develop?
4 weeks
When is the final relative length of the esophagus reached?
7 weeks
Deviation of the tracheoesophageal septum posteriorly
Esophageal atresia
incomplete division of the cranial part of the foregut into respiratory and esophageal parts during the 4th week of life
tracheoesophageal fistula
condition commonly associated with EA
imperforate anus
failure to pass a nasogastric tube of ___cm is diagnostic of EA
10cm
What is the meaning of VACTERL association?
vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb
What is the meaning of VACTERL association?
vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb
What is the meaning of CHARGE syndrome?
coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choanae, renal anomalies, retardation of growth and development, genital anomalies, ear anomalies
Most common type of TEF?
EA with distal TEF
Type of EA that presents with scaphoid abdomen since GIT is devoid of air. Absence of air below diaphragm is pathognomonic
Isolated EA
Triad of isolated TEF without EA
- Choking when feeding
- gaseous distension of bowel
- recurrent aspiration pneumonia
(Prone/Supine) position is preferred to minimize movement of gastric contents
prone position
According to Spitz Prognostic classification, what class has birth weight
Class III
What is the radiologic sign of duodenal atresia?
double bubble sign
What is the radiologic sign of duodenal atresia?
double bubble sign
Where in the duodenum is the ampulla located?
2nd part
2 theories for choledochal cysts
- Reflux of pancreatic enzymes to CBD due to anomaly of pancreaticobuliary junction
- obstruction of distal CBD
2 theories for choledochal cysts
- Reflux of pancreatic enzymes to CBD due to anomaly of pancreaticobuliary junction
- obstruction of distal CBD
Most common type of choledochal cysts. Dilatation before the cystic duct.
Type I
Saccular or diverticular choledochal cyst.
Type II
Choledochal cyst within wall of duodenum or arise from intraduodeal portion of CBD
Type III
Choledochal cyst within wall of duodenum or arise from intraduodeal portion of CBD
Type III
Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the extrahepatic AND intrahepatic ducts
Type IVA
Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the extrahepatic ducts only
Type IVB
Choledochal cyst with multiple dilations in the intrahepatic ducts only
Type V or Caroli’s disease
Most common type of abnormality in rotation
incomplete rotation
In malrotation with volvolus, the body attempts to fix the cecum to the abdominal wall by creating bands of tissue known as?
Ladd’s bands
Failure of differentiation of embryonic mesenchyme of lateral folds
Gastroschisis
Umbilical cord is usually to the (left/right) of the gastroschisis
left
failure of development of lateral folds
omphalocoele
Features of pentalogy of Cantrell
- Midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defects
- Anterior diaphragmatic hernia
- sternal cleft
- ectopia cordis
- cardiac anomaly ie. VSD
Most common abnormality associated with abdominal wall defects
Edward-Patau syndrome
Golden period for gastroschisis
6 hours
Golden period of omphalocoele
12 hours
Golden period of exstrophy
24 hours
Golden period of exstrophy
24 hours
Type of intestinal atresia. Mucosal atresia with intact bowel wall and mesentery.
Type I
Type of intestinal atresia. Separated by V-shaped mesenteric effect.
Type IIIA
Type of intestinal atresia. Blind ends separated by a fibrous cord.
Type II
Type of intestinal atresia. Apple peel atresia
Type IIIB
Type of intestinal atresia. Multiple atresias.
Type IV
Type of anorectal malformation. More common in males.
High
Type of anorectal malformation. Below pubococcygeus muscle.
Low
Type of anorectal malformation. Female with 2 holes with passage of meconium
High
Type of anorectal malformation. Male with meconium in urine
High
Most common congenital anomaly of GIT
Hirschprung Disease
