Lec 01

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Breakdown to smaller pieces

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Make more complex pieces

Question 3

Metabolite

Answer 3

Chemical intermediate in the enzyme catalyzed reaction of metabolism

Question 4

Metabolome

Answer 4

Complete set of metabolites present under specific conditions

Question 5

Metabolomics def

Answer 5

Systematic identification and quantification of small molecule metabolic products of a biological system at specific point in time

Question 6

Metabolomics function

Answer 6

1- identify dietary biomarkers and metabolic consequences of diet
2- precision medicine
3- biomarkers
4- patient selection for clinical trials (quantity of a drug molecules in in body)

Question 7

Precision medicine

Answer 7

Use of metabolomics to phenotype tumors and to design cancer therapies

Question 8

Most commonly used technique for data acquisition

Answer 8

NMR
Mass Spec

Question 9

Warburg effect

Answer 9

High anaerobic use of glucose and production of lactic acid in tumor cells

Question 10

Nuclear envelope

Answer 10

Segregates chromatin (DNA + protein) from cytoplasm

Question 11

Plasma membrane

Answer 11

1-Separate cell from environment
2-Regulate movement of materials

Question 12

RER- rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Produce ATP

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Protein synthesis machines

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

Oxidize fatty acid

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

1- support cell
2- aid movement
3- some enzymatic process

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

Degrade intracellular debris

Question 18

Golgi complex

Answer 18

Process, package, and targets proteins to other organelles

Question 19

SER

Answer 19

Site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

Question 20

Nucleolus

Answer 20

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 21

Cytoplasm more like gelo or water

Answer 21

Gelo

Question 22

Morphologically cells vary in

Answer 22

Shape
Size

Question 23

Cells can vary based in

Answer 23

Morphologically
Physiologically
Structure and function

Question 24

Animal and plant cells size

Answer 24

5 to 100 micrometers

Question 25

Bacterial cells size

Answer 25

1 to 2 micrometers

Question 26

Lowest size limited by

Answer 26

Minimum number of biomolecules required
(Min volume to carry all)

Question 27

Upper size limited by

Answer 27

Rate of diffusion of solutes in aqueous intracellular environment

Question 28

If a cell requires oxygen to produce energy:

Answer 28

SA to intracellular vol must be large enough so oxygen can easily diffuse into every part of cell

Question 29

What happens when metabolic processes consume O2 faster than diffusion can supply?

Answer 29

Anabolic reaction

Question 30

How does oxygen get to cells

Answer 30

Carry oxygen by blood vessels

Question 31

What effects oxygen transport

Answer 31

1- oxygen tension gradient
2- diffusion distance

Question 32

What happens when tumours growth exceeds blood vessel growth?

Answer 32

Change metabolism to gain nutrients

Question 33

Most highly oxidized form of carbon

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide

Question 34

Most living cells obtain energy via

Answer 34

Oxidizing metabolic fuels
(Catabolic pathway of metabolism are oxidative reaction sequences which result in transfer electrons from fuel molecules)

Question 35

Least oxidized form of carbon

Answer 35

Alkane

Question 36

Carbon oxidizing from least to highest

Answer 36

1- alkane
2- alcohol
3- aldehyde
4- carboxylic acid
5- carbon dioxide