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LEAVING CERTIFICIATE BIOLOGY FOR 5TH AND 6TH YEARS > LEAVING CERT BIOLOGY FOOD > Flashcards

LEAVING CERT BIOLOGY FOOD Flashcards

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1
Q

how many elements are found in food

A

14

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2
Q

what are the four main types of food biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins

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3
Q

define biomolecules

A

biomolecules are chemicals made by living things

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4
Q

what are the six most common elements in food

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur

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5
Q

what are the five elements found dissolved in salts

A

sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium and calcium

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6
Q

what are the three trace elements found in food

A

iron, copper and zinc

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7
Q

what are trace elements

A

elements found in tiny amounts

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8
Q

what elements are in carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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9
Q

what formula is glucose

A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

what ratio are carbohydrates

A

Cx[H20]y

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11
Q

what are the three types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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12
Q

define monosaccharides

A

monosaccharides are carbohydrates which consists of one sugar unit

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13
Q

give three examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose and ribose

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14
Q

define disaccharides

A

disaccharides are carbohydrates made of two sugar units joined together

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15
Q

give two examples of disaccharides

A

maltose and sucrose [table sugar]

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16
Q

what is maltose made up of

A

two glucose molecuels

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17
Q

what is sucrose made up of

A

glucose=fructose

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18
Q

define polysaccharides

A

polysaccharides are carbohydrates made up of many sugar units joined together

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19
Q

give three examples of polysaccharides

A

starch, cellulose and glycogen

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20
Q

give a few examples of where starch is found

A

starch is stored by plants and found in flour, bread, potatoes, rice and pasta

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21
Q

give a few examples of where cellulose is found

A

cellulose is found in plant cell walls, forms roughage or fibre in our diet

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22
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

glycogen is stored by animals in the liver and muscles

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23
Q

what is the structural function of cellulose

A

cellulose forms cell walls

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24
Q

give a metabolic function of glucose

A

glucose gives energy in respiration

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25
Q

give a metabolic function of glycogen

A

glycogen stores energy in animals

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26
Q

give a metabolic function of starch

A

starch stores energy in plants

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27
Q

what chemical is needed to test for starch

A

iodine

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28
Q

what chemical is needed to test for reducing sugars/simple sugars

A

benedicts solution

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29
Q

what elements are always contained in protein

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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30
Q

what are proteins made up of

A

amino acids

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31
Q

what are the basic building blocks of protein

A

amino acids

32
Q

when amino acids combine what do they form

A

peptides, polypeptides and proteins

33
Q

why are proteins folded into complex 3D shapes

A

to allow them to function properly

34
Q

give a few sources of protein

A

meat, fish, eggs, milk, peas and beans

35
Q

give a structural function for keratin

A

keratin is found in hair and skin

36
Q

give a structural function of myosin

A

myosin is found in muscle

37
Q

give a metabolic function of enzymes

A

enzymes control reactions

38
Q

give a metabolic function of antibodies

A

antibodies fight infections

39
Q

what is the name of the test for testing protein

A

biuret test

40
Q

what two chemicals are needed to test for protein

A

sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate

41
Q

what two chemicals make biuret solution

A

sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate

42
Q

what elements are in lipids

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

43
Q

what are fats at room temperature

A

fats are solid at room temperature

44
Q

what are oils at room temperature

A

oils are liquid at room temperature

45
Q

name two types of lipids

A

triglyceride and phospholipid

46
Q

what is triglyceride composed of

A

1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

47
Q

what are phospholipids composed of

A

1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate

48
Q

give a few sources of lipids

A

butter, cream, milk, meat, oils and fried food

49
Q

give three functions of lipids

A

.provide energy
.store energy
.phospholipids form part of cell membranes

50
Q

what type of paper is used to test for lipids

A

BROWN PAPER

51
Q

what is a water soluble vitamin

A

a vitamin that dissolves in water

52
Q

name a water soluble vitamin

A

vitamin c

53
Q

name two types of vitamins

A

water soluble and fat soluble

54
Q

give a few sources of vitamin C

A

fruits, citrus fruits, vegetables

55
Q

what is vitamin c needed for

A

needed to form skin, gums, cartilage, ligaments and blood vessels

56
Q

what does a vitamin C deficiency result in

A

scurvy

57
Q

what are the symptoms of scurvy

A

poor healing skin, bruising and poor gums with loose teeth

58
Q

what is a fat soluble vitamin

A

a vitamin that dissolves in fat

59
Q

name a fat soluble vitamin

A

vitamin D

60
Q

can vitamin D dissolve in water . yes or no

A

no

61
Q

give a few sources of vitamin D

A

liver, fish, oils and milk. vitamin D is also made when ultraviolet rays in sunlight act on our skin

62
Q

what is vitamin D needed for

A

to absorb calcium from our intestines into the blood

63
Q

what can a lack of vitamin D cause

A

rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults

64
Q

what are the symptoms of rickets and osteomalacia

A

weak ,brittle bones

65
Q

name two minerals needed by plants

A

calcium and magnesium

66
Q

name two minerals needed by animals

A

calcium and iron

67
Q

why is calcium needed by plants

A

calcium helps hold cell walls together

68
Q

why is magnesium needed by plants

A

magnesium is used to make the green pigment chlorophyll

69
Q

why is calcium needed by animals

A

calcium forms bones and teeth

70
Q

why is iron needed by animals

A

iron forms the pigment haemoglobin in red blood cells

71
Q

name two types of metabolism

A

anabolism and catabolism

72
Q

briefly explain anabolic reactions

A

anabolic reactions make larger molecules from smaller ones

73
Q

briefly explain catabolic reactions

A

catabolic reactions break down larger molecules to form smaller ones

74
Q

give two examples of anabolic reactions

A

photosynthesis and protein synthesis

75
Q

give one example of a catabolic reaction

A

respiration

LEAVING CERTIFICIATE BIOLOGY FOR 5TH AND 6TH YEARS (5 decks)

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