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LEAVING CERTIFICIATE BIOLOGY FOR 5TH AND 6TH YEARS > LEAVING CERT BIOLOGY FOOD > Flashcards

LEAVING CERT BIOLOGY FOOD Flashcards

some information is too long so it has to be read in the book

1
Q

how many elements are found in food

A

14

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2
Q

what are the four main types of food biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins

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3
Q

define biomolecules

A

biomolecules are chemicals made by living things

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4
Q

what are the six most common elements in food

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur

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5
Q

what are the five elements found dissolved in salts

A

sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium and calcium

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6
Q

what are the three trace elements found in food

A

iron, copper and zinc

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7
Q

what are trace elements

A

elements found in tiny amounts

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8
Q

what elements are in carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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9
Q

what formula is glucose

A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

what ratio are carbohydrates

A

Cx[H20]y

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11
Q

what are the three types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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12
Q

define monosaccharides

A

monosaccharides are carbohydrates which consists of one sugar unit

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13
Q

give three examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose and ribose

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14
Q

define disaccharides

A

disaccharides are carbohydrates made of two sugar units joined together

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15
Q

give two examples of disaccharides

A

maltose and sucrose [table sugar]

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16
Q

what is maltose made up of

A

two glucose molecuels

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17
Q

what is sucrose made up of

A

glucose=fructose

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18
Q

define polysaccharides

A

polysaccharides are carbohydrates made up of many sugar units joined together

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19
Q

give three examples of polysaccharides

A

starch, cellulose and glycogen

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20
Q

give a few examples of where starch is found

A

starch is stored by plants and found in flour, bread, potatoes, rice and pasta

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21
Q

give a few examples of where cellulose is found

A

cellulose is found in plant cell walls, forms roughage or fibre in our diet

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22
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

glycogen is stored by animals in the liver and muscles

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23
Q

what is the structural function of cellulose

A

cellulose forms cell walls

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24
Q

give a metabolic function of glucose

A

glucose gives energy in respiration

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25
give a metabolic function of glycogen
glycogen stores energy in animals
26
give a metabolic function of starch
starch stores energy in plants
27
what chemical is needed to test for starch
iodine
28
what chemical is needed to test for reducing sugars/simple sugars
benedicts solution
29
what elements are always contained in protein
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
30
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
31
what are the basic building blocks of protein
amino acids
32
when amino acids combine what do they form
peptides, polypeptides and proteins
33
why are proteins folded into complex 3D shapes
to allow them to function properly
34
give a few sources of protein
meat, fish, eggs, milk, peas and beans
35
give a structural function for keratin
keratin is found in hair and skin
36
give a structural function of myosin
myosin is found in muscle
37
give a metabolic function of enzymes
enzymes control reactions
38
give a metabolic function of antibodies
antibodies fight infections
39
what is the name of the test for testing protein
biuret test
40
what two chemicals are needed to test for protein
sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate
41
what two chemicals make biuret solution
sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate
42
what elements are in lipids
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
43
what are fats at room temperature
fats are solid at room temperature
44
what are oils at room temperature
oils are liquid at room temperature
45
name two types of lipids
triglyceride and phospholipid
46
what is triglyceride composed of
1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
47
what are phospholipids composed of
1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate
48
give a few sources of lipids
butter, cream, milk, meat, oils and fried food
49
give three functions of lipids
.provide energy .store energy .phospholipids form part of cell membranes
50
what type of paper is used to test for lipids
BROWN PAPER
51
what is a water soluble vitamin
a vitamin that dissolves in water
52
name a water soluble vitamin
vitamin c
53
name two types of vitamins
water soluble and fat soluble
54
give a few sources of vitamin C
fruits, citrus fruits, vegetables
55
what is vitamin c needed for
needed to form skin, gums, cartilage, ligaments and blood vessels
56
what does a vitamin C deficiency result in
scurvy
57
what are the symptoms of scurvy
poor healing skin, bruising and poor gums with loose teeth
58
what is a fat soluble vitamin
a vitamin that dissolves in fat
59
name a fat soluble vitamin
vitamin D
60
can vitamin D dissolve in water . yes or no
no
61
give a few sources of vitamin D
liver, fish, oils and milk. vitamin D is also made when ultraviolet rays in sunlight act on our skin
62
what is vitamin D needed for
to absorb calcium from our intestines into the blood
63
what can a lack of vitamin D cause
rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
64
what are the symptoms of rickets and osteomalacia
weak ,brittle bones
65
name two minerals needed by plants
calcium and magnesium
66
name two minerals needed by animals
calcium and iron
67
why is calcium needed by plants
calcium helps hold cell walls together
68
why is magnesium needed by plants
magnesium is used to make the green pigment chlorophyll
69
why is calcium needed by animals
calcium forms bones and teeth
70
why is iron needed by animals
iron forms the pigment haemoglobin in red blood cells
71
name two types of metabolism
anabolism and catabolism
72
briefly explain anabolic reactions
anabolic reactions make larger molecules from smaller ones
73
briefly explain catabolic reactions
catabolic reactions break down larger molecules to form smaller ones
74
give two examples of anabolic reactions
photosynthesis and protein synthesis
75
give one example of a catabolic reaction
respiration

LEAVING CERTIFICIATE BIOLOGY FOR 5TH AND 6TH YEARS (5 decks)

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