Leaves And Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What features make plant cells different from animal cells

A

They contain cholorplasts, a central vacuole and a cell wall

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2
Q

Where in the plant does photosynthesis occur

A

In the leaves (chloroplasts)

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3
Q

How have leaves adapted to be efficient at photosynthesis

A

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light in the chloroplasts
Broad and flat to have huge surface ares to absorb sunlight
Thin structure so gases and light have short distance to travel
Stomata on underside allows gas to diffuse in and out
Vascular bundle network transports water to cells and removes products of photosynthesis ie. Glucose

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4
Q

What is the gaseous exchange

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses in through the stomata

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis diffuses out

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5
Q

Chlorophyll is a mixture of several pigments that absorb slightly different wavelengths of light

What colours in the spectrum are mainly absorbed

A

Maximum rates are reds and purples in the spectrum

Greener colours are clearly reflected explaining why plants are generally green🌱

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6
Q

What are the four distinct sections found in the structure of a leaf

A

Upper epidermis
Palisade layer
Spongy mesophyll
Lower epidermis

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7
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle

A

Restricts water loss from leaf

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8
Q

What is the function of the upper epidermis

How is is adapted for the function

A

Transparent to allow light through to the layer below (palisade layer contains the chloroplasts)

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9
Q

What is the function of the cells in the palisade layer

How is it adapted to do this

A

Cells in palisade layer are positioned near the top of the leaf to absorb maximum amount of light
Large concentration of chloroplasts to absorb light energy needed for photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll

How is it adapted to do this

A

Contains lots of air space connected to the stomata to ensure optimum exchange of gas 💨

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11
Q

What is the function of the stomata

Lower epidermis

A

The lower epidermis contains most of the stomata

The stomata allow diffusion of carbon dioxide in and the oxygen produced out of the leaf🍃
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
It also allows water to pass out of the leaf

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12
Q

What is the function of the guard cells

How do they do their function

A

They control the size of the stomata to restrict water loss

Guard cells lose water by osmosis and become flaccid causing them to open the stomata
This allows carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

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13
Q

What is the function of vascular bundles

A

They contain xylem and phloem to transport water and sugars through the leaf

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14
Q

What can improve the rate of gaseous exchange in the leaves

A

Leaves have large internal surface area-to-volume ratio improving the rate of gaseous exchange between photosynthesising cells and the air space

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