Learning to read and write Flashcards
Who came up with Emergent Literacy?
Marie Clay
What is Emergent Literacy?
She suggested that children’s writing begins to develop long before children can produce formal texts. She said that early writing helps children grasp the ‘seven’ principles of development
What is the Recurring Principle?
When a child only knows a limited number of letters, they will use these repeatedly to create a message
What is the Directional Principle?
They learn that reading and writing goes from left to right and uses a return sweep to start the process again
What is the Generating Principle?
letters can be combined in different ways. Begins to recognize that there are patterns e.g. bound and free morphemes
What is the Inventory Principle?
Child begins to write lists of letters and words that he or she knows as a summary of their own learning e.g. their name
What is Goodman’s Functional Principle?
The notion writing can serve a purpose and has a function for the writer
What is Goodman’s Linguistic Principle?
That writing is a system that is organized into words and letters and has directionality
Goodmans Relational Principle?
Children start to connect what they write with spoken words and understand that the alphabet carries meaning
What are the 10 Basic Skills for Writing?
- Motor skills
- Form upper and lowercase letters
- Importance of letter directionality
- Cursive so they can learn to join phonemes
- The ability to recognize diagraphs
- Lineation
- Punctuation
- The ability to plan what they’re writing in advance
- Use and form conventions e.g. vocative and valedictions
- Monitor their own writing
What is the Drawing & Sign Writing stage of children’s writing?
Children experiment with a kind of sign writing which is regarded as being different from drawing. They show some characteristics of writing on a page
What is the Letter-like forms stage of children’s writing?
Individual signs produced have some letter-like features
What is the Copied Letters stage of children’s writing?
Child is able to overwrite, underwrite and copy letters for them to be recognised
What is the Child’s name & strings of letters stage of children’s writing?
Child independently writes strings of letters, usually including their own name
What is the Words stage of children’s writing?
Children learn that sounds associated with groups of letters represent familiar spoken words. Begin to understand the use of the alphabet
What is the Sentences stage of children’s writing?
Children have learnt to write confidently. Can express ideas in writing that link to several concepts, they need to use clauses or sentences to do this. They do this without using capital letters and full stops systematically
What is the Text stage of children’s writing?
Writing involves combining clauses or sentences to express related ideas
What are Barclay’s Seven Stages?
- Scribbling
- Mock handwriting
- Mock letters
- Conventional Letters
- Invented spelling
- Approximated or phonetic spelling
- Conventional spelling
What is the Preparatory Stage in Krolls phases?
Child masters the basic motor skills needed to write. Child learns the basic principles of the spelling system
What is the Consolidation Stage in Kroll’s Phases?
Child writes in the same way they speak. Uses short declarative sentences which include mainly ‘and’ conjunctions. Incomplete sentences as they don’t know how to finish sentences of (this many be outdated)
What is the differentiation stage in Kroll’s phases?
Child becomes aware of the difference between speaking and writing
Child recognises the different writing styles available e.g. letters and essays
Child makes lots of mistakes
Writing guides and frameworks are provided to structure work
Child writing tends to reflect thoughts and feelings
What is the integration stage in Kroll’s phases?
Child develops a personal style. Child understands that you can change your style according to audience and purpose
What did Vygotsky claim about children developing writing?
-Adults act as a ‘more knowledgeable other’
-Adults provide ‘scaffolding’ to help children learn
-Adults place children in the ‘zone of proximal development’
What did Joan Rothery investigate?
His investigative work with young children’s writing in Australian schools (1984) provides a framework for looking at the essential features of children’s writing.
