Learning Theory Behaviourim

Question 1

Assumption

Answer 1

Humans are born as a blank slate

Question 2

2 features are

Answer 2

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

Question 3

Feature 1 classical conditioning
Pavlov research theory
AO1

Answer 3

-Behaviour is LEARNT trough STIMULUS RESPONSE ASSOCIATION
- form of learning NS is paired with UCS that produces UCR
-if pairing is repeated then individual learn to associate the NS with UCS
-therefore NS becomes CS which creates CR

Question 4

Pavlov study AO1

Answer 4

-Classical conditioning is leaning trough stimulus response association in a controlled environment
-Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate to sound of bell

Question 5

Pavlov study F1

Answer 5

UCS= dog
UCR= salivation
NS= bell
During experiment dog presented with food again however this time Pavlov rang bell as same time
REPEATED this association
Dog learnt to associate food UCS with bell noise NS

Question 6

FEATURE 2 operant conditioning

Answer 6

Another way we can learn behaviour which emphasises THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSEQUENCES
-learning trough rewards (reinforcement) and punishment

Question 7

Skinner explained how

Answer 7

B is influenced by consequences of our own actions

Question 8

Positive reinforcement

Answer 8

Reward is given for a b
This b is reinforced so the b is repeated to gain same reward

Question 9

Negative reinforcement

Answer 9

Performing a b to avoid unpleasant consequences
So b is repeated to avoid unpleasant consequences

Question 10

Type of reinforcement in skinners research

Answer 10

Hungry rat placed in box
Every time rat pressed lever
Rat was rewarded with food
-b is repeated as rat was conditioned to press lever trough positive reinforcement to get same pleasant outcome

Question 11

Negative reinforcement in skinners research

Answer 11

• ran electrical current across floor which caused rat discomfort
• rat make move around until it knocked the lever
  -lever would stop current
  -rat repeat b as it learned by pressing lever it would avoid unpleasant consequences of pain

Question 12

Strength

Answer 12

P-practical application
E-principle of theory b is caused by classical conditioning led to treatment of SD
E- effective treating phobia helping individual unlearn maladaptive associations to phobic stimuli by gradually exposing while apply relaxation tech
L- therefore BE of HB is an impo part of applied psych helps treat ppl in real world

Question 13

Limitation AO3

Answer 13

P-environmental reductionism
E-reduces complex hb down to simple basic units
-e.g learning trough stimulus response and association or reward nd reinforcement
E- neglects holistic app p social cultural context would influence nd explain hb
L-there may lack validity does not allow to understand b in context