Learning Theories

Question 0

Behaviorism

Answer 0

Thorndike
Trial and error
Mechanical
Problem solving

Law of exercise - repetition
Law of effect
Identical elements theory of transfer

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov

Question 2

Instrumental conditioning

Answer 2

Skinner

Atheoretical 
Architect of behavior is the teacher 
Not classical no sr bonds 
Emphasize environment 
Manip conditions 
Emphasize response 
Shaping followed by satiater

Question 3

Successive approximations

Answer 3

4 steps

1. ID starting point
2. ID potential
3. Design intermediate steps
4. Implement and practice

Question 4

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 4

Continuous
Ratio
Variable ratio
Interval

Question 5

gagne

Answer 5

5 types of learning

1. motor skills
2. verbal information
3. intellectual skills
4. cognitive strategies
5. attitude

Question 6

Melton

Answer 6

1. classical conditioning
2. rote verbal learning
3. probability learning
4. short term memory
5. concept learning
6. problem solving
7. perceptual motor skills

Question 7

cognitive theory

Answer 7

gestault

thinking and perception of individual
1 clients matter
2 means to an end
3 environment and mind: happiness is a choice
4 insight
5 sporadic and unpredictable

physical reality -> perception -> behavior

law of proximity : learn by grouping things together
law of similarity
law of continuation oxoxox whats next in patter

law of closer : ——- line not dashes

Question 8

information processing

Answer 8

internal
mental operations
motor decisions 
appropriate response
quickly and accurately
6 operations: identify, anticipate, categorize, retrieve, review, store

3 stages discrete from eachother

1 stimulus ID
2 response selection
3 movement/response programming

Reaction time : speed and effectiveness

hicks law: RT increases at constant rate as # of SR alternatives increases

Question 9

novice vs expert

Answer 9

sense organs

filter attention

perception

Question 10

practical implications

Answer 10

1. kiss
2. basic and applied strategies
3. reduce visual field
4. show actual speed
5. cues prior to stimuli
6. 1 sub skill at a time
7. quiet and free from distractions
8. reduce uncertainty
9. STM
10. practice in closed environment first
11. novice take longer to perceive / react to stimuli
    alter size, distance, weight
    more time between trials
12. KR = positive, keep it specific, measurable
    consistent not constant, offer KR ASAP

Question 11

Cratty’s 3 level theory 66

Answer 11

base: general supports of behavior ie personal traits
middle: perceptual motor ability traits ie speed strength
top: task specific, ie environment FB coach

Question 12

closed loop adams 1970

Answer 12

2 types of feed back –> direct and natural

1. exteroception, vision, hearing
2. proprioception info about state of body

perceptual trace
memory trace
model trace
error nulling

good for unpracticed skills

Question 13

open loop keele 1968

Answer 13

movements are preplanned
motor program
no FB until after movement
good for existing programs not for unpracticed skills