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Quality Control Practices > Learning Outcomes for Test #1 > Flashcards

Learning Outcomes for Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

When can you perform a controlled act?

A

The controlled act is authorized to your profession AND/OR the act is delegated to you by an authorized health professional.

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2
Q

What is an MLT’s scope of practice?

A

To take blood samples from veins or by skin pricking, and the performance of laboratory investigations on the human body or on specimens taken from the human body and the evaluation of the technical sufficiency of the investigations and their results.

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3
Q

Harm Clause:

A

No person, other than a member treating or advising within the scope of practice of his/her profession, shall treat or advise a person with respect to his/her health circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that serious physical harm may result from the treatment or advice or from an omission from them.

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4
Q

Restricted Titles

A

No person other than a member shall use the title MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST, a variation or abbreviation or an equivalent in another language.

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5
Q

Role of Professional Associations

A

Advocate on behalf of their members and provide member services. Membership is voluntary and may include access to liability insurance, continuing education and/or certification programs.

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6
Q

CSMLS

A

Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science
(Federal, not mandatory to join but you must be certified by them, they protect you)

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7
Q

MLPAO

A

Medical Laboratory Professionals Association of Ontario (Provincial, not mandatory to join-they protect you)

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8
Q

CMLTO

A

College of Medical Laboratory Technologists of Ontario (Provincial, mandatory to join, regulating body-they protect the patients)

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9
Q

Contents of a Professional Portfolio

A
  • self assessment of strengths and weaknesses
    -record of professional development activities and learning plan for following year (minimum 30hrs/year)
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10
Q

Three examples of Professional Misconduct

A

-failure to cooperate with Quality Assurance Committee
-SA a patient
-committing an act of professional misconduct
-incompetence

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11
Q

What is mandatory to report to CMLTO?

A

-any knowledge obtained during practice that a patient is being SA’d by a health professional
-conviction of an offence
-change of home address or employment within 30 days of the change

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12
Q

Health Canada works with provinces on:

A

-creating policies
-financing projects
-healthcare for Inuit and First Nations communities

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13
Q

Role of Provincial Governments in Health Care

A

Provinces are responsible for their own healthcare, to receive funding they must comply with the regulations set by Canada Health Act, which obliges provinces to cover hospital care and medically necessary treatment.

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14
Q

Three General Categories of Health Care

A

-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary

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15
Q

Examples of Primary Care:

A

-family doctors
-nurse practitioners
-clinics
-emergency care

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16
Q

Examples of Secondary Care:

A

require physician referral
-consultation with a specialist
-admission to a general hospital or highly specialized care facility

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17
Q

Examples of Tertiary Care

A

require a referral
-cancer or cardiology center
-discharged to specialist that discharges to family doctor

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18
Q

What are RHAs?

A

The most common way of delivering primary, secondary, and tertiary care is under RHAs(Regional Health Authorities)

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19
Q

What is Constitutional Law?

A

Addresses the relationship between people and their government and establishes, allocates, and limits public power.

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20
Q

What is Statutory Law?

A

Laws passed in parliament; immigration, taxation, divorce, education, family, healthcare.

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21
Q

What is Regulatory Law?

A

-Possesses the legally binding feature of an act, but is made by delegated persons/organizations rather than parliament or provincial legislatures.
-Affects hospital boards, health care institutions, and bodies governing healthcare providers.

22
Q

What is Case Law and Civil Law?

A

-Results form decisions of judges
-Based on precedents
-May serve to define obligations and legal rights or further explain elements

23
Q

What is Private Law?

A

-Relationships between people
-contract, property, inheritance, family, tort, corporate

24
Q

Tort Law

A

A person or their property is wronged or harmed by another person, either intentionally or unintentionally. Unintentional can be mistaken for negligence.

25
Q

What types of insurance can Canadians purchase?

A

-Canada is one of a few countries that does not offer citizens a choice between public and private healthcare.
-It is illegal to purchase insurance to cover medically necessary procedures.

26
Q

Two facts about Independent Health Care Facilities

A

-They depend on referrals from doctors and can technically compensate doctors for referrals (conflict of interest?)
-Doctors can refer patients to clinics they owne.

27
Q

What is Informed Consent and when is it required?

A

-Patient understands, accepts, and consents to the treatment as explained by the healthcare professional.
-Required before any procedure begins.

28
Q

Two factors of Voluntary Consent:

A

-Required for any procedure.
-Patient must not be compelled to make a decision by others, or compelled toward any particular decision by anyone, including the healthcare provider.

29
Q

Four Types of Consent:

A

-Expressed: written or oral, and indicates that the patient is fully aware of all benefits, risks, and consequences of the treatment.
-Written: required for all major medical interventions, provides providers with evidence of consent, requires a witness.
-Oral: given in person or over the phone, does not have to be the patient themself, and two healthcare providers must validate/witness the consent being given.
-Implied: occurs by the fact that an individual seeks the care

30
Q

Who can give Consent?

A

-Patient if capable
-Legal rep/power of attorney
-Next of kin

31
Q

Order of Consent:

A

-Spouse
-Parent
-Sibling
-Aunt/Uncle

32
Q

Age of Consent:

A

No specific age as long as the minor can give informed and voluntary consent.

33
Q

Who owns Health Information?

A

Healthcare facility owns the physical chart, but the information itself belongs to the patient. Patient can request copies of their information but may not physically remove the records from the office.

34
Q

Can a Third Party access Healthcare Information?

A

The patient must provide written consent for the release of their information UNLESS it was ordered by a court.

35
Q

What is Confidentiality? Give an example.

A

The healthcare provider’s moral obligation to keep a patient’s information private. E.g. avoiding discussion of patient information in public, and knowing that patients can be identified in ways other than their name.

36
Q

What is Privacy?

A

The patient’s right for their health information to remain confidential and be released only upon their consent.

37
Q

What is PIPEDA (Federal)?

A

Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act. It requires:
-Privacy policies
-Orgs to have consent to how they use personal info
-Orgs to allow individuals to access their personal info
-Orgs to have appropriate security for personal info

38
Q

What is PHIPA (Provincial)?

A

Personal Health Information Protection Act. It requires:
-Practices put in place to cover collection, use, and disclosure of personal health info
-MLTs to abide by PHIPA
-Patient consent for disclosure of information (implied is usually acceptable)
-Individuals have access to their information and the ability to challenge accuracy and completeness.

39
Q

What is the Circle of Care?

A

People who have legal access to patient info:
-Doctors
-Nurses
-Support services (lab, x-ray)
-Social workers

40
Q

What is Ethics?

A

Study of standards of right and wrong in human behaviour; how people ought to behave, considering rights and obligations as well as fairness, loyalty, and honesty. Examines how we determine right and wrong.

41
Q

Can Religion Affect Ethics?

A

No, they should be completely separate.

42
Q

Are Ethical Choices Always Legal?

A

No, ethical things are not always legal, and legal things are not always ethical.

43
Q

What is a Sense of Duty?

A

When a patient depends on you for a professional service, you have a duty to provide that service in an ethical, moral, and competent manner.

44
Q

What is beneficence?

A

Showing kindness and doing what is best for the patient under all circumstances, in compliance with patient wishes.

45
Q

What is Nonmaleficence?

A

Doing no harm, or reducing harm as much as possible when treating healthy patients with preventative medicine; determining if the benefits outweigh the risks.

46
Q

What is Justice?

A

Treating all patients equally and fairly, and how limited healthcare resources are distributed.

47
Q

What is Autonomy?

A

The right of a mentally competent patient, given all the facts, to make independent decisions without coercion or pressure from family or healthcare providers.

48
Q

What is fidelity?

A

Faithfulness, loyalty. Requires adherence to professional codes of ethics and principles. Requires skills to be practiced competently on patients.

49
Q

Can you befriend co-workers?

A

Yes, as long as tight cliques and alliances are not formed, and you are welcoming to new staff.

50
Q

Name 5 health problems caused by stress.

A

-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Ulcers
-Sleep disorders
-Depression

51
Q

Name 5 ways to manage stress:

A

-Laughter
-Relaxation
-Exercise
-Sleep
-Connect with others

Quality Control Practices (2 decks)

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