Learning Outcomes

Question 1

Define acids and bases, and describe why pH is so tightly regulated by the body

Question 2

Describe the physiological buffer systems and explain their primary functions

Question 3

Explain how the lungs and kidneys work together to maintain normal pH

Question 4

Describe the major types of acid-base imbalances and explain how each of them can be compensated for

Question 5

Describe the difference between an acid and a base and explain how pH is calculated

Question 6

Define acidosis and alkalosis and describe their broader impacts on the body

Question 7

Describe the sources of H+ in the body

Question 8

Describe how a buffer system operates, and identify and locate the major buffer systems of the body.

Question 9

Define the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, especially with regard to its implications of how CO2 and HCO3- ion concentrations interact to maintain acid-base homeostasis in the body

Question 10

Describe the mechanism and location of the reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

Question 11

Describe how urinary phosphate and ammonia help the body secrete excess acid

Question 12

Describe the differences in respiratory and metabolic acid-base imbalances

Question 13

Describe and explain the concept of anion gap

Question 14

Describe the causes of respiratory and metabolic acidosis

Question 15

Define acids and bases, and describe why pH is so tightly regulated by the body

Question 16

Describe the physiological buffer systems and explain their primary functions

Question 17

Explain how the lungs and kidneys work together to maintain normal pH

Question 18

Describe the major types of acid-base imbalances and explain how each of them can be compensated for