Learning Outcomes Flashcards
Identify the major fluid compartments and describe how they are interrelated
Compare and contrast short-term vs long-term control of the extracellular fluid
Describe the differences between isotonic, hypertonic, and how cells in each of these solutions would be affected
Describe the pathways involved in the regulation of water balance in terms of intake and output.
Describe the role of the kidneys
Describe the major structural components of a nephron
Describe the basic renal processes involved in urine excretion
Describe the forces that regulate glomerular filtration
Describe how glomerular filtration is regulated by the body, both intrinsically and extrinsically
Explain why the kidneys receive a greater proportion of cardiac output, relative to its weight
Describe the process of transepithelial transport using sodium as an example
Describe how the reabsorption of sodium is regulated
Define Tm and explain why it is important in the reabsorption of necessary substances
Describe the reabsorption of water along the entire tubule
Describe the secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions
Describe why it is necessary to secrete organic anions and cations
Describe what is meant by plasma clearance.
Describe what is meant by the vertical osmotic gradient and why it is important.
Describe the role of the loop of Henle and why its structure is important for its function.
Describe countercurrent exchange.
Describe the micturition reflex.
Describe the major structures of a juxtaglomerular nephron and discuss the importance of each section with respect to reabsorption and secretion
Describe blood flow through the kidneys and its physiological importance in the generation of urine
Using your knowledge of osmotic gradients, describe how the kidney can make urine either more dilute or more concentrated than bodily fluids
Using dehydration as an example, describe the physiological responses and processes that occur in order to reduce water loss through urine production
