Learning Outcomes

Question 1

Describe the structural components of the different types of blood vessels in order to explain the functional role of each vessel in the vascular tree

Question 2

Apply the underlying factors of capillary exchange to describe how capillaries regulate the exchange of nutrients and wastes

Question 3

Discuss the control of mean arterial pressure and explain why it is such a highly controlled variable

Question 4

Understand the importance of venous return in its contribution to cardiac output and mean arterial pressure

Question 5

Describe how a pressure gradient, resistance, and blood vessel radius affect blood flow

Question 6

Use Poiseuille’s law to discuss the determinants of blood flow

Question 7

Describe the function of the structural elements that can be found in blood vessel walls

Question 8

Describe the primary function of the arteries

Question 9

Describe the systolic and diastolic pressures and the concept of mean arterial pressure

Question 10

Explain how blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

Question 11

Graph the pressure changes across the vascular tree

Question 12

Explain how arteriolar radius can changed and what impact this would have on blood flow

Question 13

Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic controls that affect arteriolar radius

Question 14

Describe the hormonal controls that affect arteriolar radius

Question 15

Describe the concept of total peripheral resistance and discuss how intrinsic, extrinsic, and hormonal control of arteriolar radius work together to impact total peripheral resistance

Question 16

Explain how arteriolar radius can change and what impact this would have on blood flow

Question 17

Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic controls that affect arteriolar radius

Question 18

Describe the hormonal controls that affect arteriolar raidus

Question 19

Describe the concept of total peripheral resistance and discuss how intrinsic, extrinsic, and hormonal control of arteriolar radius work together to impact total peripheral resistance

Question 20

Describe the characteristics that make capillaries an optimal site for exchange

Question 21

Define capillary hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, and interstitial osmotic pressure

Question 22

Describe how these pressures interact along the length of the capillary in order to promote bulk flow

Question 23

Describe the need for the lymphatic system

Question 24

Describe the anatomical link between the lymphatic system and the capillaries

Question 25

Describe how the initial lymphatics function

Question 26

Describe how one might acquire the increase in interstitial fluid known as oedema.

Question 27

Describe the primary roles of the venous system

Question 28

Discuss the concept of venous return and why it’s important to heart function

Question 29

Describe the factors that affect venous return

Question 30

Integrate ideas from the heart and the circulatory system to describe the determinants of mean arterial pressure

Question 31

Describe how mean arterial pressure is sensed and identify the reflex response that would occur when stimulating these pressure sensors

Question 32

Differentiate between primary and secondary hypertension