Learning Objective 3

Question 1

Difference between active transport and passive transport

Answer 1

Passive- requires kinetic energy

Active- requires ATP

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

• particles move from high concentration to low concentration
• needs kinetic energy
  1. Simple
  2. Facilitated
  3. Osmosis

Question 3

Simple Diffusion

Answer 3

• diffusion across the phospholipid bilayer
• particle has to be small and not charged (lipid soluble molecules)
• oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass

Question 4

Carrier-mediated Diffusion

Answer 4

• uses kinetic energy
• protein carrier specific to one chemical (need to be a specific shape to pass through
• binding of solute causes transport protein to change shape

Question 5

Channel-mediated diffusion

Answer 5

• diffusion though a channel protein
• allows small and charged particles to move
• three important ions=
  1. sodium
  2. calcium
  3. potassium
• channel is exclusive for the ions
• uses kinetic energy
• always requires a protein (quaternary)

Question 6

Which way will the three ions diffuse in Channel mediated diffusion

Answer 6

Sodium- ECF to ICF
potassium- ICF to ECF
calcium- ECF to ICF

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

• diffusion of a water through a specific channel protein (aquaporin) or phospholipid bilayer
• high concentration to low concentration

Question 8

Filtration provide and example

Answer 8

high to low pressure gradient

ex. Kidneys= blood goes through the capillaries and filtration happens

Question 9

Active process

Answer 9

• requires ATP supplied by the mitochondria
  1. Active transport
  2. Vesicular transport

Question 10

Primary active transport (list the most important example)

Answer 10

sodium potassium is going against the concentration gradient.

• going from ICF to ECF
  ex. sodium potassium pump

Question 11

Vesicular Transport

Answer 11

• containing large particles and macromolecules are transported across the cellular membrane inside secs called vesicles
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 12

Endocytosis

Answer 12

-bringing macromolecules into the cells using a sac called a vesicle
Phagocytosis - cell taking in solids or large molecules (cell drinking)
Pinocytosis- cell taking in liquids
Receptor mediated- plasma membrane proteins that binds to only specific substances

Question 13

Exocytosis

Answer 13

• hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, mucous secretion and ejection of waste
• substances that are removed from the cell