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NAPLEX Chapter Reviews > Learning Lab Values and Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

Learning Lab Values and Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytosis

A

increase WBC

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2
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

increase PLT

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3
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

decrease PLT

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4
Q

Leukopenia

A

decrease WBC

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5
Q

myelosuppresion

A

decrease in WBC, RBC, PLT (multiple blood cell lines)

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6
Q

agranulocytosis

A

decrease in granulocytes (WBCs that secretory granules in the cytoplasm); includes decrease in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

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7
Q

Ca levels***

A

Ca total: 8.5-10.5, ionized is 4.5-5.1. Calculate corrected Ca (only for total Ca, not ionized Ca) if albumin is low (normal albumin levels are 3.5-5)

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8
Q

Drugs that increase Ca levels

A

vitamin D, thiazides

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9
Q

Drugs that decrease Ca levels

A

systemic steroids, long-term heparin, cinacalcet (used to treat high levels of Ca), loop diuretics, bisphosphonates

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10
Q

Drugs that lower Mg levels

A

PPIs, diuretics

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11
Q

Increased phosphate levels = ?

A

renal failure

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12
Q

Drugs that increase K levels***

A

3.5-5 is normal. RAAS drugs, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, K supplements, bactrim, drosperinone-containing OCs

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13
Q

Drugs that lower sodium

A

carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSIs, diuretics

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14
Q

Drugs that increase bicarb

A

loop diuretics, systemic steroids

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15
Q

Drugs that decrease bicarb

A

topiramate

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16
Q

Why we check bicarb

A

acid base status

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17
Q

Increased BUN = ?

A

renal impairment, dehydration (BUN:Cr ratio > 20:1)

18
Q

Drugs that increase Scr***

A

drugs that impair renal function (AGs, amphotericin B, cisplatin, colistimethate, cyclosporine, loop diuretics, polymyxin, NSAIDs, radiocontrast dye, tacrolimus, vancomycin)

False increase d/t cobicistat, bactrim, H2RAs

19
Q

What causes decrease in Scr

A

low muscle mass, amputation, hemodilation

20
Q

Why do we check AG

A

high anion gap suggests metabolic acidosis

21
Q

WBC increase d/t

A

systemic steroids

22
Q

WBC decrease d/t

A

clozapine, chemo drugs, carbamazepine (not oxcarb), immunosuppressants

23
Q

eosinophil increase

A

parasitic infection

24
Q

basophil increase

A

hypersensitivity reaction

25
Q

lymphocyte increase

A

viral infections, lymphoma

26
Q

lymphocyte decrease

A

bone marrow suppression, HIV, systemic steroids

27
Q

MCV increase

A

macrocytic anemia- B12 def, folate def

28
Q

MCV decrease

A

microcytic anemia- iron def

29
Q

folic acid decrease d/t

A

phenytoin/fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, MTX, bactrim

30
Q

vit b12 decrease

A

PPIs, metformin

31
Q

Coombs Test positive = ? **

A

drug-induced hemolysis caused by: [[penicillins, cephalosporins, (prolonged use/high concentrations), nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides]], [[dapsone, isoniazid, primaquine, quinidine, quinine, rifampin]], [[levadopa, methyldopa]], methylene blue, pegloticase, rasbiuricase

32
Q

G6PD

A

Deficiency caused by- fava beans, dapsone, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, rasbiuricase, sulfonamides

33
Q

anti factor Xa

A

LMWH and UFH

34
Q

aPTT

A

UFH

35
Q

PLT decrease d/t

A

linezolid, VPA, heparin (HIT), LMWHs (enoxa, dalta, tinze), fondaparinux

36
Q

Albumin - highly protein bound drugs

A

warfarin, PHE, Ca

37
Q

Drugs that require Ca correction when albumin is low

A

alb < 3.5; PHE, VPA and calculate corrected Ca

38
Q

increased CK d/t

A

statins, tenofovir, raltegravir, dolutagrevir, daptomycin

39
Q

CK levels indicate

A

myositis, muscle damage, cardiac conditions

40
Q

C peptide

A

to distinguish t1dm vs t2dm, evaluates beta cell function. A C-peptide test is often used to help tell the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas makes little to no insulin, and little or no C-peptide. With type 2 diabetes, the body makes insulin, but doesn’t use it well. T1 < ? and T2 0.5-2??? verify in book

41
Q

Uric acid increase d/t ***

A

diuretics, niacin, low dose ASA, pyrazinamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus

42
Q

DILE can be caused by ? ***

A

many, but most likely: anti-TNF agents, hydralazine, isoniazid, MMI, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, PTU, quinidine, terbinafine

NAPLEX Chapter Reviews (13 decks)

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