Learning is misunderstood Flashcards
What are the three immutable aspects of learning?
- learning requires memory to be useful
- learning has to be continuous throughout the life
- learning is a skill that can be aquired
What is the word for ‘not ashamed of being open’?
Unbashedly
Who are the authors of the book?
Henry Roediger, Mark McDaniel. Peter Brown
What Henry Roediger and Mark McDaniel do?
They are cognitive scientists who have dedicated their careers to learning and memory.
What does Peter Brown do?
He is a storyteller.
In which year and which foundation awarded which grant to what team?
- 2002
- The James S. McDonnel Foundation of St. Louis
- Applying Cognitive Psychology to Enhance Education Practice
- To the eleven cognitive scientists lead by Peter Roediger
In the time of writing this book in of which centre Mark McDaniel was a Co-Director?
Washington University`s Centre for Interactive Research in Learning and Memory
A word for to make something better?
hone
Who flew his two engined Cessna from where to where and what was his altitude at the time of the event and what was the event?
- Matt Brown
- From Harligen Kentucky
- To a plant in Kentucky that required parts
- Over 11 000 feet aka over 3000m
- Oil drop in plane`s right engine
A word for staying in the air or overhead?
aloft
A word for to suffer bad health?
ailing
A word for a piece for turning ship?
rudder
A word for the period of elder age?
dotage
A word for different from excpectation?
Counterintuitive
A word for unchangeable?
immutable
How did Matt Brown save himself and what was. the moral of the story?
He recalled critical facts about his plane and found a way to make his plane to limp to the intended fuel stop in Louisiana. The ability to recall facts and concepts is a critical skill to improve our life quality and keep us out of trouble in every stage of life.
What this book authors mean by learning?
Learning is acquiring knowledge and skills and having them readily available from memory.
A word for ‘not fancy’?
Unadorned
The unadorned way to say that the hat is elaborate is that the hat is decorated.
A word for ‘excellent in doing things’?
Adept
What is the word for ‘learning a lot within a short amount of time’?
Cramming
What is the word for ‘to fit together’?
Miter
What is the word for ‘a cut area that holds together two pieces’?
Rabbet
What is the word for ‘unable to breathe properly’?
Stifling
What is the word for ‘related to winter’?
Wintry
What is the word for ‘a pitch thrown with a curve’?
Curveball
What is the word for ‘to eliminate grain from chaff’?
Winnow
What is the word for ‘to hit a ball with a baseball’ or ‘if waves hit violently on rocks’?
Batter
What is the word for ‘not important or irrelevant to the subject dealt with’?
Extraneous
Knowing how to party is extraneous if you want to learn programming.
The fact that you studied all night is extraneous if it did not result in passing the exam.
What is the word for ‘to remove less valuable beings from the group or eliminate irrelevant information from the dataset’?
Culled
To clean the data I had to cull all the input errors made by the users.
What is the word for ‘a shelter made by digging’?
Dugout
What’s the another way to say ‘of all types’ or ‘of all variety’?
of all stripes
In JS objects I can use data structures of all stripes as values.
What is the word for ‘a natural ability to do something or to learn’?
Aptitude
Due to lack of practice my aptitude for memorising words is low at the moment.
What is the adjective for something is being detailed and complex and verb for further explaining something complex?
Elaborate
She wore elaborate makeup on her date.
A worker asked his boss to elaborate on the task he thought was silly.
The elaboration of rephrasing the main ideas in the book using your own words is highly beneficial for learning.
What is the word for having one or more angels?
Angular
His not angular fat body resembled a pumpkin.
It was clear from her angular dance moves that she was not a ballerina.
Cybertruck’s angular design did not impress European safety standards committee.
List the core principles that support the book author’s claim that learning is a skill that can be acquired?
- the harder the learning is the more it sticks
- recalling the info is more effective than rereading
- spaced out recalling practice make better retrival connections in the brain
- trying to solve a problem before knowing the solution leads to more effective learning
- using different learning methods is more effective than just sticking with the one you think serves you better aka I like watching videos, therefore I only learn through videos.
- testing helps to dissolve our illusions of mastery and keep us in reality
- all new learning requires prior knowledge
- with elaboration the brain becomes an unlimited data storage as opposed to trying to memorise concepts word by word
- putting the information into larger concepts that you are already familiar width helps to understand and memorise the information.
- the ability to learn is not based on genetics
What is the word for a traditional knowledge on a. particular subject that is passed by word of mouth?
lore
Describe the difference between general advice, research backed info and knowledge backed with science?
To meet scientific standards the information has to be objective and generalisable. The raised hypothesis is vigorously tested using well designed experiments that satisfy the scientific communities. Most research don’t meet scientific standards. The majority of advice on Google is not even backed with research.
Define massed practice.
Massed practice as opposed to spaced practice means studying a single topic for long hours continuously. This practice has better short term gains but the downside is that the learned material fades quickly from the memory.
What are the main misconceptions of learning?
- rereading leads to mastery of the material
- massed practice is effective learning strategy
- making learning easy is efficient
- it’s not important to make learning meaningful
What are the pitfalls of rereading?
- the text becomes familiar and creates an illusion of mastery
- it is time consuming
- it leads no durable memory
What was the name, title, birthplace and date of birth and death for the Estonian-Canadian mentioned in the book?
Endel Tulving
Experimental Psychologist and Cognitive Neuroscientist
26.05.1927 - 11.09.2023
For which scientific discovery is Endel Tulving most known?
The distinction of semantic and episodic memory. In semantic memory we store all abstract facts like the meaning of words, concepts and names. In episodic memory we store our first-person experiences.
The distinction of these two concepts helps to improve methods learning and education, memory, development of AI, cognitive diseases (alzheimer) and mental illness (PTSD, depression).
Which Endel Tulving’s experiment was mentioned in the book and why?
He gave two groups a six pair of pronouns like ‘pen - ten’. He let both groups to read those pairs six times. Then he gave one group the same pairs but different ones to the other and asked them to memorise the pairs. The results for both groups were statistically identical which proofed that rereading the material does not helt studying.
Define ‘inference’.
A conclusion that is reached on the basis of reasoning and evidence.
What inference did the Washington University scientists reach in the article in 2008 Contemporary Educational Psychology?
Rereading the material in close proximity helps to retain the material a bit better for a short period of time but has no effect for storing it in the long-term memory.
Another word for ‘rule’, or ‘principle’?
precept
The precept for your eating habits for now is to avoid sugary foods. including fruits.
What is the word for ‘awarness of his own mind’?
metacognition
His metacognition was spot on as he managed correctly recall everything from the book he read.
How to avoid the illusion of mastery?
Test yourself on the learned material.
If you just reread the material and go over your highlights repeatedly to the point of high familiarity then all you have achieved is the illusion of mastery.
What is the word for ‘a public statement of high importance’?
proclamation
The core proclamation in his report stated that if the firm is doomed if it doesn’t implement and teach their employees how to use AI tools.
What is the word for ‘in spite of’ or ‘no matter of the’?
notwithstanding
A word to say that two things or concepts are completely opposite to each other?
dichotomy
Without knowledge which higher-level skills remain unattainable?
analysis
synthesis
creative problem solving
What is the verb for gradual increase or growth of layers or knowledge?
accrete
He had gradually accreted a substantial amount of JavaScript knowledge over the years by just reading and memorising O’Reilly books.
