Learning in Formal Contexts- Lecture 7

Question 1

Define ‘formal learning”?

Answer 1

Structured experiences that are shaped by polices and other wider social factors
-Processes of schooling- extra-curriculars
-Shaped by policies- national laws, National Governing Bodies
-Linked to the broader social landscape- influenced by political, social and cultural ideas
-Policies can be both enabling and constraining- larger sociological presence

Question 2

How is the NCPE influenced by the gov?

Answer 2

Political influence takes a large place in the creation of the curriculum and therefore it is based upon power relations and certain, purposeful discourses.

Question 3

What year was the NC revised?

Answer 3

1999
About “Knowledge in Context”- what is the proper subject matter/ content knowledge of programmes- a movement away from traditionalist ideas and more Neo-liberal policies.

Question 4

Yet, after the change of the curriculum in 1999, what did Herold state in 2020?

Answer 4

“The current NCPE represents a return to more traditionalist views and values, within a more ‘minimalist fashion”

Question 5

Explain the concept of sport as a dominating discourse?

Answer 5

1. A dominant medium of delivery
2. Discourses of performance and participation as separate pathways
3. KEY: Performance discourse is privileged (Tinning, 2010)

Question 6

What did Wallace and Priestly (2017) state about the role of teachers in formal learning?

Answer 6

Techers have the ultimate responsibility for moving policy into practice (Wallace and Priestly, 2017)

*Curriculum enactment is dynamic and involves teachers negotiating the complex policy landscape and their own values and beliefs around the purpose of physical education (O’Sullivan et al, 2020)
*But policy is not unproblematically moved into practice

Question 7

What are the key aims for NCPE for KS3?

Answer 7

-Develop a broad range of physical activities
-Physically active for sustained periods of time
-Engage in competitive sports activities
-Lead healthy, active lifestyles

Question 8

KEY READING: Going the Extra Mile: Excellence in Competitive School Sport’ the government body for inspecting the quality of education urges:

Answer 8

From: Ofsted
Published: 20 June 2014

“State schools to learn from the best practice of our elite, private schools because competitive sport is part of a wider and established culture …. The best state schools recognise the wider benefits of participation in competitive sport”

Question 9

Explain the concept of generating talent “capital” and how much individuals will pay for their kids to gain this?

Answer 9

Parents will invest in many young children to build “capital” that is recognised as talent or ability within schools- the average family spends £1500 per child between the ages of six months- 8 years on additional classes and activities.
* (Cited in Vincent and Ball 2007; 1065)

Question 10

KEY READING:
*Penney, D. (2006). Curriculum construction and change.
In D. Kirk, D. MacDonald, & M. O. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of physical education. Sage. Pp. 565-579

Answer 10

“The curriculum historian Ivor Goodson has argued that school subjects and university disciplines are social constructs rather than naturally occurring phenomena”
“The notion of pedagogy that we are working with here can be defined by three key elements: learning, teaching and curriculum”