LEARNING GUIDE 6: SUMMARIZING, PARAPHRASING, AND DIRECT QUOTING Flashcards
Is a short and concise representation of the key ideas of sources material, in your own words
Summary
Is introducing ideas from another source in your own words.
Paraphrasing
is reproducing words from another source using exactly same wording, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and paragraphing.
direct quoting
Purpose of summarizing?
- To get down the gist of someone else’s work.
- To avoid unnecessary details when the main point is all you need.
- To show that you understand what the
source is saying. - To refresh the reader’s memory if they read the source.
- To give your audience a general introduction to the source
Purpose of paraphrasing?
To down the meaning of someone else’s words when:
1. Their exact words are not important.
2. Their exact words are not appropriate or useful.
* To show that you have command of the material.
* To “shorten” a section from the source that is too long to quote.
* To demonstrate the comprehension.
Purpose of direct quoting?
Quote a text that conveys powerful message or will show less impacts if it is paraphrased or
summarized.
* Quote directly when
you….
a. Begin your discussion with the author’s stand: or
b. highlight the author’s expertise in your claim,
arguments, or discussion
Differences of summarizing, paraphrasing, and direct quoting?
(Summarizing)
Does not match the source word by word
Involves putting the main idea/s into your own words, but including only the main points.
Presents a broad overview, so is usually much shorter than the original text
Must be attributed to the original source
Sums up the central point of the source
Differences of summarizing, paraphrasing, and direct quoting?
(Paraphrasing)
Does not match the source word by word
Involves putting the main idea/s into your own words
Changes the words or phrasing of passage, but retains and fully communicates the original meaning
Must be attributed to the original source
Matches the sources in terms of meaning
Differences of summarizing, paraphrasing, and direct quoting?
(Direct quoting)
Matches the source word by word
You use the source’s word
Is usually short and important part of the text
Cited appears between quotation marks
Exact same length as source
Must be attributed to the original source
Guidelines for Summarizing
❖Read and make sure that you fully understand the work to
which you wish to refer
❖Make notes of the key ideas from the source material, using
your own words.
❖Use your own words and your own sentence structure to
summarize or paraphrase the information.
❖Make sure you are not guilty of plagiarism; the act of using
another author’s words while pretending they are your own.
❖State the author(s)’ surname(s) and the year of publication in
any summary you provide of another author’s work.
Guidelines for Paraphrasing
❖ Place the information in a new order
❖ Break the complex ideas into smaller units
❖ Use concrete, direct vocabulary in place of technical
jargon
❖ Use synonyms for words in the source
❖ Accompany each important fact or idea in your notes
with the source page number
❖ Incorporate the paraphrase smoothly into the grammar
and style of your own writing
Guidelines for Direct Quoting
❖ Copy exactly the part of the text that you want to use.
❖ Use quotation marks to show the beginning and end of
the quote.
❖ Record the details of the original source. Indicating the
page number/s is necessary in citing sources in quoting.
❖ Format your quotation properly. If your direct quotation
is at least 40 words, it should be intended.
is often the resolution of a core principle in textbooks, pamphlets, articles, parts of reports, or other writing.
Summary
The summarization is mainly done after
reading
