Learning Disabilities

Question 1

What is the IQ score below which
commonly defines a learning disability?

Answer 1

IQ 70 and below

Question 2

Is autism a learning disability?

Answer 2

No, it is a neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 3

Q3) Is dyslexia a learning disability?

A. Yes, it is a mild learning disability
B. Yes, it is a moderate learning disability
C. No, it is a learning difficulty
D. Both a) and c) are correct

Answer 3

D. both A and C are correct

Question 4

Q4) What is the most frequent known cause of Learning Disability?

A. Down’s Syndrome
B. Fragile X
C. Cerebral Palsy
D. Head injury
E. Road Traffic Accidents

Answer 4

B. Fragile X

Question 5

Q5) Which of the following is NOT often associated with Down’s syndrome?

A. Depression
B. Cardiac abnormalities
C. Dementia
D. Cleft palate
E. Hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Cleft palate

Question 6

Q6) Which of the following is commonly associated with Fragile X?

A. Schizophrenia
B. Bipolar Disorder
C. Autism
D. Frontotemporal dementia
E. OCD

Answer 6

C. Autism

Question 7

Q7) Which of the following can not be a cause of Learning Disability?

A. Perinatal hypoxia
B. Toxoplasmosis
C. Meningitis at age 2
D. Childhood social deprivation
E. Head injury in University student

Answer 7

E. Head Injury in a University Student

Question 8

Q8) Who can consent on behalf of an adult with LD if they do not have capacity to do so for themselves?

A. Mother only
B. Either parent
C. General Practitioner
D. Consultant Psychiatrist
E. Nobody- a best interest meeting must be held

Answer 8

E. Nobody - a best interest meeting must be held.

Question 9

Which is correct in relation to psychiatric disorders in people with learning disabilities?

A. Prevalence rates are higher than that of the
general population

B. Prevalence rates are the same as that of the
general population

C. 60% of people with LD have depression

D. Schizophrenia should never be diagnosed in
someone with LD. It should be assumed that any challenging or bizarre behaviour is due to the LD.

Answer 9

A. Prevalence rates are higher than that of the general population.

Question 10

Which of the following is not significantly
more common in people with LD compared
to the general population?

A. Epilepsy
B. Prostate Cancer
C. Respiratory disease
D. Osteoporosis
E. Constipation

Answer 10

Prostate Cancer

Question 11

What are the key points of a good consultation for a patient with LD?

Answer 11

Double the consultation time

Explain the basics
– Who you are, why you are seeing them, how long it will take

Speak to patient before speaking to carer

Get supporting information from carer

Take breaks if needed

Question 12

What are the principles of treatment of psychiatric illness in people with Learning Disability?

Answer 12

Same options as general population but:

Psychotherapies may need adapting

Community learning disability team involvement

Go ‘low and slow’ with medication

Question 13

Why may patients with LD present with ‘challenging behaviour’?

Answer 13

Communication of need or distress
Physical illness and pain
Mental disorders
Sensory impairment
“Behavioural phenotypes”

Question 14

Give some common primary health problems (associated) in patients with LD

Answer 14

Hypothyroidism
Epilepsy
Visual/Hearing impairment
Cerebral palsy, motor problems

Question 15

Give some common secondary health problems in patients with LD

Answer 15

Fracture
Obesity
GORD
Dental Problems
Incontinence
Constipation