learning disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

definition of intellectual disability

A
  1. significant impairment of IQ (SAME OR <70)
  2. significant impairment of adaptive function
  3. both evident before 18 years
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2
Q

healthcare related factors LD

A

difficulty accessing healthcare services
diagnostic overshadowing
healthcare services not making reasonable judgements
discriminatory attitudes

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3
Q

average IQ score

A

100

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4
Q

define adaptive function

A

person’s ability to manage their activities of daily living
- self care, relationships, finances

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5
Q

define learning difficulty

A

isolated problem with specific skills - reading, numeracy etc

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6
Q

associations of LD with other disorders

A

neuro disorders - cerebral palsy, epilepsy
visual and auditory impairments
mental ill health

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7
Q

reduced life expectancy?

A

yes

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8
Q

male or female more common LD

A

male

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9
Q

prenatal causes of LD

A

down’s, fragile X
spina bifida, cerebral palsy
malnutrition, drugs, alcohol, diseases

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10
Q

increased risk of other conditions with down’s

A

depression
LD
dementia
hypothyroidism

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11
Q

fragile x syndrome genetic

A

trinucleotide repeat disorder - CGG

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12
Q

physical fx of fragile x syndrome

A

high forehead, large ears, long face, prominent jaw
large testes
C.T weakness, hyperextensible joints

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13
Q

psychiatric associations fragile x

A

social anxiety
aggression
hyperactivity
attention deficit
self injury

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14
Q

perinatal causes of LD

A

intrauterine infections - toxoplasmosis
asphyxia, premature birth or difficulties during labour

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15
Q

postnatal causes of LD

A

epilepsy, meningitis, measles, other infectious diseases
head injury, NAL, lead/mercury poisoning, malnutrition, social deprivation

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16
Q

mild IQ
moderate IQ
severe IQ

A

mild - 50-69
mod - 35-49
severe - <34

17
Q

communication ability across spectrum

A

mild - can communicate verbally, simple language, can read and write
mod - can use short sentences, limited understanding, can describe basic emotions
severe - very few words, very limited understanding, cannot describe feelings

18
Q

double stigma define

A

stigmatised by two conditions at once

19
Q

most common cause of LD worldwise

A

malnutrition

20
Q

diagnostic overshadowing define

A

when healthcare professional makes assumption person with learning disabilities’ behaviour is part of their diabsility without exploring other factors such as biological determinants

21
Q

look at

A

communication passport

22
Q

common physical health problems in people with LD

A

primary (associated)- hypothyrodiism, epilepsy, visual/hearing, cerebral palsy, motor problems
secondary - fractures, obesity, GORD,caries, edentulus, incontinence, infection, constipation

23
Q

type of communication

24
Q

STOMP

A

stopping over medication of people with a learning disability, autism or both

25
history learning disability
questions - alzheimer's, painful conditions, visual and hearing, hypothyroidism
26
ddx for depression in LD
adjustment disorder
27
further investigations LD history
FBC, LFT, TFT, B12, folate, CRP, glucose, calcium brain MRI/CT antecedent behaviour consequences chart
28
services for LD in community
residential home specialist community learning disability team GP social services boluntary organisations respite care LD psychiatrist, nurse, OT, physio, sal, psychologist
29
mx of LD in community
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL and MDT input to treat the cause found. positive behaviour support, input from LD specialists, support for parents and respite care
30