learning disabilities Flashcards
definition of intellectual disability
- significant impairment of IQ (SAME OR <70)
- significant impairment of adaptive function
- both evident before 18 years
healthcare related factors LD
difficulty accessing healthcare services
diagnostic overshadowing
healthcare services not making reasonable judgements
discriminatory attitudes
average IQ score
100
define adaptive function
person’s ability to manage their activities of daily living
- self care, relationships, finances
define learning difficulty
isolated problem with specific skills - reading, numeracy etc
associations of LD with other disorders
neuro disorders - cerebral palsy, epilepsy
visual and auditory impairments
mental ill health
reduced life expectancy?
yes
male or female more common LD
male
prenatal causes of LD
down’s, fragile X
spina bifida, cerebral palsy
malnutrition, drugs, alcohol, diseases
increased risk of other conditions with down’s
depression
LD
dementia
hypothyroidism
fragile x syndrome genetic
trinucleotide repeat disorder - CGG
physical fx of fragile x syndrome
high forehead, large ears, long face, prominent jaw
large testes
C.T weakness, hyperextensible joints
psychiatric associations fragile x
social anxiety
aggression
hyperactivity
attention deficit
self injury
perinatal causes of LD
intrauterine infections - toxoplasmosis
asphyxia, premature birth or difficulties during labour
postnatal causes of LD
epilepsy, meningitis, measles, other infectious diseases
head injury, NAL, lead/mercury poisoning, malnutrition, social deprivation
mild IQ
moderate IQ
severe IQ
mild - 50-69
mod - 35-49
severe - <34
communication ability across spectrum
mild - can communicate verbally, simple language, can read and write
mod - can use short sentences, limited understanding, can describe basic emotions
severe - very few words, very limited understanding, cannot describe feelings
double stigma define
stigmatised by two conditions at once
most common cause of LD worldwise
malnutrition
diagnostic overshadowing define
when healthcare professional makes assumption person with learning disabilities’ behaviour is part of their diabsility without exploring other factors such as biological determinants
look at
communication passport
common physical health problems in people with LD
primary (associated)- hypothyrodiism, epilepsy, visual/hearing, cerebral palsy, motor problems
secondary - fractures, obesity, GORD,caries, edentulus, incontinence, infection, constipation
type of communication
MAKATON
STOMP
stopping over medication of people with a learning disability, autism or both
history learning disability
questions - alzheimer’s, painful conditions, visual and hearing, hypothyroidism
ddx for depression in LD
adjustment disorder
further investigations LD history
FBC, LFT, TFT, B12, folate, CRP, glucose, calcium
brain MRI/CT
antecedent behaviour consequences chart
services for LD in community
residential home
specialist community learning disability team
GP
social services
boluntary organisations
respite care
LD psychiatrist, nurse, OT, physio, sal, psychologist
mx of LD in community
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL and MDT input to treat the cause found.
positive behaviour support, input from LD specialists, support for parents and respite care
