learning disabilities

Question 1

definition of intellectual disability

Answer 1

1. significant impairment of IQ (SAME OR <70)
2. significant impairment of adaptive function
3. both evident before 18 years

Question 2

healthcare related factors LD

Answer 2

difficulty accessing healthcare services
diagnostic overshadowing
healthcare services not making reasonable judgements
discriminatory attitudes

Question 3

average IQ score

Answer 3

100

Question 4

define adaptive function

Answer 4

person’s ability to manage their activities of daily living
- self care, relationships, finances

Question 5

define learning difficulty

Answer 5

isolated problem with specific skills - reading, numeracy etc

Question 6

associations of LD with other disorders

Answer 6

neuro disorders - cerebral palsy, epilepsy
visual and auditory impairments
mental ill health

Question 7

reduced life expectancy?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

male or female more common LD

Answer 8

male

Question 9

prenatal causes of LD

Answer 9

down’s, fragile X
spina bifida, cerebral palsy
malnutrition, drugs, alcohol, diseases

Question 10

increased risk of other conditions with down’s

Answer 10

depression
LD
dementia
hypothyroidism

Question 11

fragile x syndrome genetic

Answer 11

trinucleotide repeat disorder - CGG

Question 12

physical fx of fragile x syndrome

Answer 12

high forehead, large ears, long face, prominent jaw
large testes
C.T weakness, hyperextensible joints

Question 13

psychiatric associations fragile x

Answer 13

social anxiety
aggression
hyperactivity
attention deficit
self injury

Question 14

perinatal causes of LD

Answer 14

intrauterine infections - toxoplasmosis
asphyxia, premature birth or difficulties during labour

Question 15

postnatal causes of LD

Answer 15

epilepsy, meningitis, measles, other infectious diseases
head injury, NAL, lead/mercury poisoning, malnutrition, social deprivation

Question 16

mild IQ
moderate IQ
severe IQ

Answer 16

mild - 50-69
mod - 35-49
severe - <34

Question 17

communication ability across spectrum

Answer 17

mild - can communicate verbally, simple language, can read and write
mod - can use short sentences, limited understanding, can describe basic emotions
severe - very few words, very limited understanding, cannot describe feelings

Question 18

double stigma define

Answer 18

stigmatised by two conditions at once

Question 19

most common cause of LD worldwise

Answer 19

malnutrition

Question 20

diagnostic overshadowing define

Answer 20

when healthcare professional makes assumption person with learning disabilities’ behaviour is part of their diabsility without exploring other factors such as biological determinants

Question 21

look at

Answer 21

communication passport

Question 22

common physical health problems in people with LD

Answer 22

primary (associated)- hypothyrodiism, epilepsy, visual/hearing, cerebral palsy, motor problems
secondary - fractures, obesity, GORD,caries, edentulus, incontinence, infection, constipation

Question 23

type of communication

Answer 23

MAKATON

Question 24

STOMP

Answer 24

stopping over medication of people with a learning disability, autism or both

Question 25

history learning disability

Answer 25

questions - alzheimer’s, painful conditions, visual and hearing, hypothyroidism

Question 26

ddx for depression in LD

Answer 26

adjustment disorder

Question 27

further investigations LD history

Answer 27

FBC, LFT, TFT, B12, folate, CRP, glucose, calcium
brain MRI/CT
antecedent behaviour consequences chart

Question 28

services for LD in community

Answer 28

residential home
specialist community learning disability team
GP
social services
boluntary organisations
respite care
LD psychiatrist, nurse, OT, physio, sal, psychologist

Question 29

mx of LD in community

Answer 29

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL and MDT input to treat the cause found.
positive behaviour support, input from LD specialists, support for parents and respite care