Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OPIC > Learning disabilities > Flashcards

Learning disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of learning disabilities?

A

Significant impairment of intelligence = <70 IQ w impairment of adaptive functioning eg. ADLs. Both need to be present before adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Learning disability vs learning difficulty

A

Disability - affects learning and intelligence across all areas of life eg. Down’s syndrome
Difficulty - obstacle to a specific form of learning but doesn’t affect overall IQ eg. dyslexia
However learning difficulties are more common in the learning disability population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classes of learning disability?

A

Mild - IQ 50-69, some learning difficulties in school, independent w self care and often w living, capable of work, maybe delayed speech
Mod - IQ 35-49, delays in childhood but some degree of independence and communication skills
Severe - IQ 20-34, continuous need of support
Profound - IQ under 20, severe limited self-care skills, continence and communication
Not really important for treating a person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the RFs for learning disabilities?

A
  • Chromosomal and genetic anomalies eg. Down’s, William’s
  • Congenital malformations eg. spina bifida, hydrocephalus
  • Prenatal exposures eg. fetal alcohol syndrome, congenital rubella, Zika virus
  • Birth complications eg. hypoxic brain injury, cerebral palsy
  • Prematurity
  • Childhood illness eg. meningitis, measles, encephalitis
  • Childhood brain injury, neglect and lack of stimulation in early life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What conditions are more common in the learning disability population?

A
  • Cerebral palsy - 50% of cerebral palsy have ID
  • Epilepsy - 40% of people w epilepsy have ID
  • Higher rates mental illness
  • Visual and auditory impairments
  • Significantly reduced life expectancy
  • ADHD
  • Autism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of learning disability?

A
  • Poor performance on learning, short term mem and problem solving
  • Association w specific congenital syndromes eg. Down’s syndrome, fragile X syndrome
  • Challenging behaviour
  • Reduced capacity for complex language or in profound ID complete lack of communication skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some physical problems associated w learning disability?

A
  • Motor and mobility problems
  • Urinary and faecal incontinence
  • Increased risk of obesity - lack of physical exercise
  • Poor oral health and diet
  • Sleep disorders
  • Speech, hearing and visual impairment
  • More likely to smoke - increased risk COPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some psychological problems associated w learning disabilities?

A

All overrepresented in the learning disability population.
- Schizophrenia
- Anxiety and depressive disorders
- Personality disorder
- Early onset dementia
- Eating disorders eg. rumination, food fadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some conditions associated w Down’s?

A
  • Gastro intestinal problems
  • Depression
  • Dementia - Alz
  • Cardiac issues
  • Hypothyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Fragile X syndrome?

A

Trinucleotide repeat disorder ?
Physical features - high forehead, large ears, long face and prominent jaw, weak connective tissue, large testes
Psychiatric associations - anxiety, aggression, adhd, self injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some of behavioural problems associated w learning difficulties?

A
  • Poor self care
  • Lack of supportive network, regular employment and income
  • Boredom
  • Temper tantrums
  • Criminal activity, can be unintentioanl
  • Challenging behaviour - threatening themselves or others
  • Communication difficulties
  • Vulnerable to all types of abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is involved in assessment of ID pt in ID psychiatry?

A
  • Person w ID the focus of the consultation and check pt understanding
  • Check collateral hx
  • Mental state examination
  • Risk assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is involved in reducing premature death in learning disability pt?

A
  • Standardisation of Annual Health Checks
  • Referral to specialist learning disability services
  • Named healthcare co ordinator to people w complex health needs
  • Adults w learning disabilities considered high risk group for deaths from resp problems
  • Used of the Mental Capacity Act to ensure decisions are made in the pt best interest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some complications of learning disabilities?

A
  • Behavioural problems and their consequences eg. problems w criminality, inappropriate behaviour
  • Sexual problems - sexually inappropriate behaviour
  • Consequences of abuse eg. distress, increased mental health problems, pregnancy, STI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What adaptions are needed for seeing a pt w learning disabilities?

A
  • Longer appointments
  • Talk to informants - collateral
  • Reduce stress - see them at home if can, avoid long waits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is autism? What are the characteristics?

A

Neuro developmental condition characterised by:
- Difficulties w social interaction and communication - not good at sharing emotions, normal convo and non verbal communication, hard to maintain relationships
- Rigid and repetitive behaviours - repetitive motor movements, peculiar phrases, repetitive speech
- Resistance to change - inflexible routines
- Restricted interests, preoccupied w unusual objects
- Over reaction to normal sensations - hyper or hypo sensitive

17
Q

What mental health problems do people w autism suffer with?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Challenging behaviour, often due to anxiety eg. meltdowns
  • Depression
  • OCD - repetitive behaviours
18
Q

What is the management of autism?

A
  • Help w learning how to interact socially
  • Communication support eg. SALT and behavioural therapy
  • Coping strategies for life skills
  • Intervention for sleep disorders
  • Need for structure and activities
  • Vulnerability
  • Poor evidence for medication, may be used to treat associated conditions eg. ADHD or anxiety and depressive sx
19
Q

What are some CF of autism in pre school children?

A
  • Delay in lang or regression of language
  • Unusual characteristics of spoken language - echolalia, non speech like vocalisation
  • Not responding to name, not enjoying physical touch, reduced eye contact
  • Reduced or absent imagination
  • Unusual interests and rigid behaviours
20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for autism?

A
  • Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction - deficits in all: social emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviours, relationships
  • Restricted patterns of behaviour - 2 or more of the following: repetitive movements, speech and objects, sameness, fixated interests, increased or decreased response to sensory input
21
Q

What is involved in a mental state exam ?

A

Behaviour - eye contact, body lang, facial expression, psychomotor activity (retardation vs restlessness)
Speech - rate, quantity, tone
Mood and affect - what pt describes and what you see
Thought - speed, flow, coherence, content eg. delusions, obsessions, compulsions, suicidal/violent, thought insertion, w/drawal, broadcasting
Perception - hallucinations, illusions, derealisation and depersonalisation
Cognition
Insight and judgement

22
Q

What is the trend of prescription of psychotropic medication in learning disability pt?

A

Antipsychotics and antidepressants have previously been overprescribed in the learning disability population. Some pt need them but many don’t and they have SEs that affect pt QOL:
- Putting on weight
- Feeling tired and lethargic - drugged up
- Serious problems w physical health
STOMP pledge - stopping over medication of people w a learning difficulty.

23
Q

What is the use of pyschotrophic medication in learning disabilities?

A
  • Those w learning disabilities have a higher rate of epilesy - anti epileptic drugs are appropriate here
  • Those w learning disabilities have a higher rate of depression and anxiety - anti depressants are appropriate here
  • Those w learning disabilities can have challenging behaviour, this should mostly be managed using behavioural strategies but in more severe cases antipsychotics may be needed, they may be appropriate here
  • There are some appropriate uses but many pt are inappropriately on meds

OPIC (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions