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EPPP > Learning & Behavior > Flashcards

Learning & Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Associating automatic/involuntary responses with conditioned stimuli via unconditioned stimuli

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2
Q

Timing of Classical Conditioning

A

CS/NS must come before US & closely in time

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3
Q

Delay Conditioning

A

CS precedes US by short time interval & with overlap
Standard pairing paradigm

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4
Q

Trace Conditioning

A

CS precedes US by a time gap; no overlap
Slower learning process

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5
Q

Temporal Conditioning

A

US is presented at the same time/at consistent time interval; time becomes the CS

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6
Q

Simultaneous Conditioning

A

NS is presented at the same time as US & completely overlap
Learning does not occur

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7
Q

Backward Conditioning

A

US is presented before NS
Learning does not occur

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8
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

Qualities of CS are generalized to a similar NS to produce the same CR
Occurs automatically
AKA ‘mediated generalization’

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9
Q

Higher-Order Conditioning

A

CS is intentionally paired with another NS to elicit the same CR
Cannot exceed third-order conditioning

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10
Q

Classical Extinction

A

CS is no longer paired with US & eventually CR will no longer occur

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11
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Brief recovery of CR when presented with CS after a break from extinction trials

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12
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

Ability to differentiate between CS & similar NS due to pairing with US
(CR only to CS & not similar NS)

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13
Q

Pseudoconditioning

A

NS is unintentionally paired with CS to elicit CR (like accidental higher-order conditioning)

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14
Q

Habituation

A

Less responsivity to a repeated US so that it no longer elicits UR

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15
Q

Counterconditioning

A

Done intentionally to eliminate undesirable UR
Via reciprocal inhibition > when presented with US, pair UR with incompatible CR

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16
Q

Mowrer’s two-factor learning theory

A

Combo of classical & operant conditioning
NS/CS paired with US that produces an anxiety-UR > new CS/CR pair
The anxiety is aversive, so any behavior that relieves the anxiety is negatively reinforced

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17
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

Counterconditioning to reduce anxiety via extinction
Anxiety is the UR & relaxation techniques are the CR paired with the US

18
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

AKA Skinnerian, instrumental conditioning
Learning of voluntary behavior via rewards & punishment

19
Q

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

A

Natural consequences
Behavior that produces pleasurable consequences will occur more frequently; if produces aversive consequences, will occur less frequently

20
Q

Reinforcement vs. Punishment

A

R always increases behavior, whereas punishment decreases behavior

21
Q

Positive Reinforcement (R+)

A

Reward
Addition of something valuable to increase behavior

22
Q

Negative Reinforcement (R-)

A

Relief
Removal of something aversive to increase behavior

23
Q

Positive Punishment (P+)

A

Pain
Addition of something aversive to decrease behavior

23
Q

Negative Punishment (P-)

A

Loss
Removal of something valuable to decrease behavior

24
Q

Response cost

A

P-
Removal/loss of a “token”, which is used to access something valuable, in order to decrease behavior

25
Q

Acquisition phase

A

Operant conditioning
Phase of new learning

25
Q

Extinction phase

A

Operant conditioning
Reinforcement is withheld and behavior decreases

26
Q

Operant strength

A

Strength of target/learned behavior
Depends on rate of responding during acquisition & extinction trials
Influenced by schedule of reinforcement

27
Q

Fixed interval schedule

A

R after specified time interval
Response rate low during interval & increases toward end of interval

28
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

R after unpredictable time interval
Response rate is low-moderate

29
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

R occurs after specified number of responses
Response rate is moderate-high

30
Q

Variable ratio schedule

A

R occurs after unknown number of responses
Response rate is high

31
Q

Satiation

A

Loss of value of the R due to overuse

32
Q

Thinning

A

Transition from continuous to intermittent
AND
Gradual increase in number of responses/time interval

33
Q

Operant extinction

A

Withholding R to decrease behavior (P-)

34
Q

Extinction burst

A

A brief increase in behavior during extinction trials

35
Q

Superstitious behavior

A

Results from random/non-contingent R
The individual will repeatedly perform behavior that occurred before R

36
Q

Discrimination learning

A

Stimulus control
Ability to discern between stimuli that signal whether R is available

37
Q

Discriminative stimulus

A

SD
Signals that R will take place

38
Q

S delta

A

Signals that R will not take place

39
Q

Response generalization

A

Performing similar behaviors in the presence of SD to earn R

EPPP (1 decks)

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