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Psychology: Approaches > Learning Approaches > Flashcards

Learning Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic assumptions

A

Should be scientific and objective

We are born “blank slates”

We can generalise from animal behaviour

All behaviour has been learnt

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2
Q

Scientific and objective

A

They rejected introspection too many vague and immeasurable concepts

Only interested in behaviour that can be observed or measured ( sr)

No mental processes

More control and objectivity

Rely on lab experiments

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3
Q

Bank slates

A

Watson (1878-1958)

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4
Q

Generalise

A

Basic processes that govern learning are same in all species

Animals replace humans in testing and generalise back

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5
Q

Learned

A

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

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6
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning by association

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7
Q

Behaviourist approach

A

1920

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8
Q

Stimulus

A

Any object/ event or change in the environment that an organism notices

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9
Q

Response

A

Any behaviour that the organism shows as a consequence of a stimulus

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10
Q

Reflex

A

A consistent unlearned connection between a stimulus and a response most appear at birth

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11
Q

Pavlovs dogs

Stimulus and response

A

Bell- NS/CS
food-UCS
salivation-UCR/CR

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12
Q

Formula

A

UCS➡️UCR (reflex)
UCS+NS➡️UCR
CR➡️CR

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13
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning by consequences of our behaviour

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14
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Something pleasant like food or star chart

More likely to be repeated

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15
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removal of an unpleasant stimulus
Eg have headache you take tablets avoiding negative

ITS NOT A PUNISHMENT

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16
Q

Punishment

A

Less likely to repeat

Eg get detention

17
Q

Skinner box

A

Isolated conditions
Food= positive
Electric grid= punishment
Lever turns off electric =negative

He found random scheduled reinforcement were more successful and led to stronger reinforcement

18
Q

Strengths

A

Scientific credibility

Lots of evidence eg Watson + Raynor - little Albert

Real world applications eg token economy systems + systematic desensitisation

19
Q

Weaknesses

A

Mechanistic view ignored internal processes

Too simplistic ignores thinking

Ignores biological factors

Limitations on how far we can generalise

Lack ecological validity

Too deterministic- saying something will definitely happen

Psychology: Approaches (3 decks)

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