Learning and Physical Disability Symposium

Question 1

what is the biopsychosocial model

Answer 1

interaction between biological, psychological and social factors

Question 2

name 5 barriers to dental care in older people

Answer 2

cost/ fear of cost
dental anxiety
accessibility
availability
characteristics of a dentist

Question 3

what are barriers to access to sedation

Answer 3

limited in general dental services
case complexity
techniques available

Question 4

what are barriers to general anaesthesia

Answer 4

varies by region
number of lists

Question 5

what is OHL

Answer 5

oral health literacy (OHL) is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral health information

Question 6

what are four key barriers to communication

Answer 6

limited time
financial incentives promoting treatment over prevention
lack of OHL training
limited plain language patient education materials

Question 7

what are behavioural barriers to patients with ASD

Answer 7

ability to comply with OH
oral aversion
food selectivity

Question 8

name three key areas of barriers for people with learning difficulties

Answer 8

lack of consent
dentists not willing to treat these patients
inability to cooperate with treatment

Question 9

name four examples of barriers to oral health care

Answer 9

access to dental care
fear of dental care
characteristics of mental illness
lack of education and training

Question 10

for people with learning difficulties what factors make them more likely to be edentulous

Answer 10

greater severity of learning difficulty
taking antipsychotic medications
SIMD1

Question 11

name three facilitators of oral health care

Answer 11

financial support
dentist’s chairside number
community support

Question 12

what would be indicative of a patient who has to have their drinks thickened

Answer 12

they are at risk of aspiration

Question 13

what would be indicated if a patient has to have a liquid diet

Answer 13

they are unable to swallow

Question 14

name four groups of people who may suffer from drooling

Answer 14

cerebral palsy
parkinson’s disease
motor neuron disease
developmental disability

Question 15

what is a texture B diet

Answer 15

thin puree

Question 16

what is a texture C diet

Answer 16

thick puree

Question 17

what is a texture D diet

Answer 17

pre-mashed

Question 18

what is a texture E diet

Answer 18

fork mashable

Question 19

how should patients who require support with OH be positioned when taking over OH

Answer 19

patient is sitting upright

Question 20

what toothbrushing technique should be used when aiding someone with oral hygiene

Answer 20

hand over hand technique

Question 21

what should you ask if you are told a patient is PEG fed

Answer 21

does the patient have any tasters (honey, yoghurt, jam)

Question 22

name the type of toothpaste that is unflavoured

Answer 22

Oranurse

Question 23

what two aspects of toothpaste could be suggested to a patient with sensory issues

Answer 23

unflavoured toothpastes
non-foaming toothpastes

Question 24

name three examples of SLS free toothpastes

Answer 24

sensodyne
Oranurse
BioXtra

Question 25

what is the two toothbrush technique

Answer 25

thick handled rubber toothbrush which is used between occlusion as a prop
use another toothbrush to clean

Question 26

name three types of toothbrushing aid techniques

Answer 26

bridging
chaining
hand over hand

Question 27

what considerations to oral health care should be given to patients who are tube fed

Answer 27

teeth cleaned with non-foaming toothpaste
upright position
aspiration

Question 28

what are some examples of sensory aids

Answer 28

weighted blanket
power suit
warm water

Question 29

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 29

refers to an increase in the rate of behaviour as a result of the presentation of a preferred event

Question 30

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 30

refers to an increase in the rate of a behaviour as a result of the withdrawal of a non-preferred stimulus

Question 31

what is the mean number of days it takes to form a habit

Answer 31

66 days

Question 32

describe the technique chaining to support oral hygiene

Answer 32

gently bringing the persons hand to their mouth while describing the activity - carer starts activity and patient finishes it

Question 33

describe the technique bridging to support oral hygiene

Answer 33

describe and show the toothbrush then mimic brushing your own teeth - patient mirrors you with their own toothbrush

Question 34

describe the technique hand over hand to support oral hygiene

Answer 34

place your hand over patients and gently brush their teeth together

Question 35

name four behavioural management techniques

Answer 35

acclimatisation
tell, show, do
relaxation
structured time

Question 36

name three main risks of IV sedation

Answer 36

over sedation
respiratory depression
abnormal reactions

Question 37

what is the issue with active epilepsy and seizures

Answer 37

midazolam is given to people when they are having an epileptic seizure

Question 38

what are the four types of using benzodiazepines to sedate

Answer 38

oral
intra-nasal
inhalation
IV

Question 39

what is the advantage of inhalation sedation

Answer 39

assessment is on the same day
margin of risk minimal
can treat patients with high BMI

Question 40

which gases are used in inhalation sedation

Answer 40

nitrous oxide and oxygen

Question 41

what is the death risk for GA

Answer 41

1 in 100,00 to 200,000

Question 42

name potential complications of GA

Answer 42

brain damage
nausea and vomiting
lethargy
delayed recovery

Question 43

what is more likely to happen when people with disabilities have a GA

Answer 43

more likely to experience complications like bleeding and sleepiness

Question 44

what is ART

Answer 44

minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental caries and stop its further progression

Question 45

what are the two components of ART

Answer 45

sealing caries prone pits and fissures
restoring cavitated dentine lesions with sealant restorations