Learning and Memory

Question 1

Which phase of LTP is protein synthesis required for?

Answer 1

Late

Question 2

Does the number of dendritic spines correlate with the degree of learning in the motor cortex?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Does the number of dendritic spines correlate with the degree of learning in the hippocampus?

Answer 3

No - constant spine turnover

Question 4

What is the Standard Consolidation theory of episodic memory?

Answer 4

Hippocampus required for recent memories - but not distant
Hippocampus rapidly encodes engram of current events
To consolidate memory shifted to other areas (e.g. neocortex) - slower-learning areas

Question 5

What is the effect of hippocampal damage on context fear conditioning?

Answer 5

Decreases freezing response one day after learning
Normal freezing response many days later
Supports Standard Consolidation theory

Question 6

What is the effect of optogenetically shutting down the hippocampus during contextual fear conditioning learning and during recall?

Answer 6

During learning - prevented memory acquisition

During recall - memory unavailable - against Standard Consolidation theory

Question 7

What is the effect of optogenetically shutting down the anterior cingulate cortex one day after contextual fear conditioning and many days later?

Answer 7

One day after - normal response - memory available

Many days after - memory unavailable - supports Standard Consolidation theory

Question 8

Which areas are needed for long-term contextual fear conditioning recall and what are their roles?

Answer 8

Cortex - where memories consolidated

Hippocampus - needed for retrieval

Question 9

What is the effect of propranolol?

Answer 9

Impairs consolidation in amygdala