Learning and behaviour

Question 1

What is learning?

Answer 1

○ It is having your nervous system changed by your experiences so you react differently in the future

Question 2

CC

Answer 2

Unconditioned Stimulus –> Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus –> no conditioned response
US + NS –> unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus –> conditioned response

Question 3

extinction, generalisation, discrimination, blocking, latent inhibition

Answer 3

• EXTINCTION: when CS is presented repeatedly without US, the CR is unlearned
• SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY: connection traces can remain, like when retraining and same pattern appears faster
• STIMULUS GENERALISATION: when wide range of stimuli superficially similar to the original CS trigger the CR
• DISCRIMINATION: when subject responds differently to similar stimuli and only produces CR to a narrow CS
• BLOCKING: a previous CS conditioning process prevents conditioning to another CS
• LATENT INHIBITION: CS stimuli that have been presented without pairing before are difficult to subsequently pair with new things. slower acquisition of a conditioned response to a familiar stimulus than to an unfamiliar stimulus

Question 4

define

Operant conditioning

Answer 4

• More likely to repeat actions with good consequences and less likely to repeat actions with bad consequences

Question 5

OC reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative

Answer 5

• REINFORCEMENT: any consequence that makes the preceding behaviour more likely to occur in the future
  
  • PUNISHMENT: any consequence that makes the preceding behaviour less likely to occur
  • POSITIVE reinforcement/punishment - adding something to the subject
  • NEGATIVE reinforcement/punishment - removing something from the subject

Question 6

+ fixed and variable ratio and interval schedule

OC ratio schedule, interval schedule

Answer 6

○ RATIO SCHEDULE: reinforcement is delivered when a certain number of responses are given
- fixed ratio schedule, A fixed number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement may recur
- variable rs, The number of correct repetitions of the correct response for reinforcement varies unpredictably

• INTERVAL SCHEDULE: reinforcement is locked out after administration and can only be given again when a certain amount of time has passed
  • fixed interval schedule, response is reinforced after a fixed amount of time passed since last reinforcement
• variable IS, amount of time that must pass between reinforcement varies unpredictably

Question 7

observational learning

OL modelling, vicarious conditioning, tutelage

Answer 7

• Modelling: Acquiring a new set of behaviours by copying movements of another
• Vicarious conditioning: Acquiring a conditioned response based on seeing pairing and consequences play out
• Tutelage: Teaching concepts or procedures primarily through direct instruction

Question 8

OL

ABC model

Answer 8

• ANTECEDANTS specific triggers/stimuli
• BEHAVIOUR response of the individual
• CONSEQUENCE positive/negative reinforcement, escape/avoidance, etc.