Learning Aim D Key Terms

Question 1

Novus actus interveniens

Answer 1

This is an intervening event which breaks the chain of causation

Question 2

Assault

Answer 2

The defendant must intentionally or subjectively/ recklessly cause another person to fear immediate unlawful personal violence

Question 3

Battery

Answer 3

Applying unlawful for e to another intentionally/ recklessly. The injury suffered will be minor and not in need of medical treatment.

Question 4

Summary offences

Answer 4

The lowest level offence. Only be tried in the magistrates court. The maximum sentence is 6months of a £5,000 fine

Question 5

Retribution

Answer 5

This is a form of revenge; a severe sentence is imposed for committing a serious offence

Question 6

Deterrence

Answer 6

A sentence that discourages others from committing the same offence

Question 7

Rehabilitation

Answer 7

Helping offenders deal with their problems so they don’t re-offend

Question 8

Reparation

Answer 8

Giving something back to the victim or the society

Question 9

Denunciation

Answer 9

Public disapproval of committing an offence

Question 10

Aggravating factors

Answer 10

These count against the defendant, they may help the court impose a higher sentence

Question 11

Mitigating factors

Answer 11

These count for the defendant, if counted they may help lower the resulting sentence

Question 12

Custodial sentences

Answer 12

A sentence of imprisonment for either a fixed or undefined period of time

Question 13

Actus reus

Answer 13

The guilty act part of the crime

Question 14

Mens rea

Answer 14

The guilty mind part of the crime

Question 15

Chain of causation

Answer 15

An unbroken link in the actus reus from the initial act or omission to the end result- the victims death or injury