Learning Aim A Flashcards
stages of growth, development, relevant theories
what is the definition of growth?
an increase in some part of an individual that can be measured (e.g. height and weight).
what is the definition of development?
the complex changes including increase in skills abilities and capabilities.
what are the 4 principles of growth
- growth rates are constant
- different parts of the body grow at different rates
- boys grow faster than girls
what is the age range of birth and infancy?
0-2 years old
what is the age range of early childhood life stage?
3-8 years old
what is the age range of the adolescence life stage?
9-18 years old
what is the age range of the early adulthood life stage?
19-45 years old
what is the age range of the middle adulthood life stage?
45-65 years old
what is the age range of later adulthood?
65+ years old
what gross motor skills can a newborn do?
primitive reflexes - involuntary motor responses originating in the brainstem present after birth in early childhood development that facilitate survival.
what gross motor skills can a 1 month old do?
lift up their chin and have some control over their head.
what fine motor skills can a 6 month old do?
- move objects from one hand to another.
- pick up dropped toys if they are in sight
what gross motor skills can a 15 month old do?
walk without help/assistance
what gross motor skills can a 2 year old do?
kick a ball
what fine motor skills can a 2-3 year old do?
build a tower of bricks
what gross motor skils can a 2-3 year old do?
- ride a tricycle
- stand on toes
what are skills and abilities?
- gross and fine motor skills
- thinking and language skills
- social roles and expectations
what are gross motor skills?
using the larger myscles in the body (e.g. legs and arms)
what are fine motor skills?
precise use of muscles (e.g. hands and fingers)
what is adolescence?
life stage where the body develops into being an adult, the stage where puberty occurs.
what is puberty?
the change in growth and development triggered by hormones by the pituitary gland.
what are hormones?
checmical signals in the blood.
what are primary sexual characteristics?
sexual characteristics present at birth but develop during puberty (e.g. penis)
what are secondary sexual charactertistics?
things that develop during puberty (e.g. pubic hair)
what does oestrogen and progesterone do?
stimulates growth of: growth spurt, breasts, reproductive system, helps regulate the menstrual cycle
what does testosterone do?
stimulates the growth of: growth spurt, penis and testes, pubic hair growth, development of muscle, lowering of muscle
what age does puberty usually start in BOYS?
between 13-15 years old
what age does puberty usually start in GIRLS?
11-13 years but can be earlier
what are the female primary sexual characteristics?
- uterus enlargens and vagina lengthens
- ovaries begin to release eggs
- menstrual cycle begins
