Learning Flashcards
Problem with studies of different types of learners?
Issue of replicability
What is learning? 2
Change in an organism as result of experiences
Internal process that can be measured by examining brain changes
Conditioning 3
Stimulus-response associations are learned
Sensory input
Response refers to reaction of organism to stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus - response
Draw out
UCS
Unconditioned stimulus - normally elicits measurable involuntary response
UCR
Unconditioned response - unlearned or involuntary response to an UCS (Salivation)
CS
Conditioned Stimulus - neutral stimulus, repeated association with an UCS, beings to elicit conditioned response (ringing of bell, salivation)
CR
Conditioned Response - learned response elicited by a CS
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Salvation studies with dog
Systematic Desensitization
When fearful response is extinguished through gradual increased processing of fear producing stimulus
Deep muscle relaxation
Used in therapy for anxiety
Classical Conditioning
Behaviour is reflexive or involuntary
Environment precedes response
Operant Conditioning
Behaviour is voluntary
Environment follows response
Reinforcer
Event that increases the probability of recurrence of response that preceded it
Positive reinforcement
Stimulus that increases likelihood of reponse recurring
Negative reinforcement
Removal of unpleasant stimulus to increase likelihood the reponse will occur
Positive punishment
Unpleasant stimulus is added to decrease undesirable behaviour
Negative punishment
Pleasant stimuls is taken away in effort to decrease undesirable behaviour
