Learning

Question 1

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 1

Russian Physiologist
Did research on digestive system of dogs
-Reflex
Unlearned, involuntary response

Question 2

Stimulus

Answer 2

Any object, event, or experience that causes a response

Food = Stimulus

Question 3

Response

Answer 3

The reaction of an organism

Salivation = response

Question 4

Pavlov Research

Answer 4

learned associations were formed by events in the organism’s environment.

Question 5

Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning

Answer 5

Learning to elicit an involuntary response to a neutral stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the response

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Answer 6

Evokes an unconditioned response. It is the original, naturally occurring stimulus that leads to the involuntary response (Food=Salivate) Unconditioned means unlearned.

Question 7

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 7

An unlearned response to an UCS (Salivation before conditioning) It is automatic and involuntary. Occurs because of genetic “wiring” in the nervous system (Salivating Food)

Question 8

Neural Stimulus (NS)

Answer 8

Does not evoke a response (tone)

Question 9

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

A neutral stimulus that now acquires the capacity to evoke a conditioned response (tone after conditioning)

Question 10

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 10

A learned response to a CS (Salivation after conditioning)

Question 11

Trial

Answer 11

Pairing of UCS and CS

Question 12

Acquisition

Answer 12

Initial stage in learning

Question 13

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 13

When an organism responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

Question 14

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 14

when an organism does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

Question 15

Extinction

Answer 15

The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response

Question 16

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 16

Reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Question 17

Vicarious Conditioning

Answer 17

Classical conditioning of an involuntary response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

Question 18

Operant Conditioning

Answer 18

Associating behaviors and consequences

Operant conditioning deals with the learning of active, voluntary behaviors that are shaped and maintained by their consequences

Question 19

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 19

An action followed by a pleasurable consequence will tend to be repeated
An action followed by an unpleasant consequence will not be repeated

Question 20

B.F. Skinner

Answer 20

Behaviorism
   -Voluntary behavior
    Operant Behavior
    Any behavior that is voluntary
    Animals and humans operate in the world to get something or avoid something
Operant Conditioning 
  Learning of operant behavior

Question 21

Reinforcement

Answer 21

Means to “Strengthen”

Key to learning

Question 22

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 22

Satisfy biological needs

Question 23

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 23

Conditioned Reinforcement

Question 24

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 24

Response followed by rewarding stimulus

Question 25

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 25

Response followed by removal of an