Learning

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

this is the process of becoming used to a stimulus

Question 2

dishabituation

Answer 2

can occur when a second stimulus intervenes, causing a resensitization to the original stimulus

Question 3

Associative learning

Answer 3

this is a way of pairing together stimuli and responses, or behaviors and consequences

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

here, an unconditioned stimulus that produces an instinctive, unconditioned response is paired with a neutral stimulus. with repetition, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that produces a conditioned response.

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

here, behavior is changed through the use of consequences

Question 6

Reinforcement

Answer 6

increases the likelihood of a behavior

Question 7

Punishment

Answer 7

decreases the likelihood of a behavior

Question 8

the scheduling of reinforcement

Answer 8

this affects the rate at which the behavior is performed. schedules can be based either on a ratio of behavior to reward or on an amount of time, and can be either fixed or variable. Behaviors learned through variable-ratio schedules are the hardest to extinguish.

Question 9

observational learning

Answer 9

modeling

the acquisition of behavior by watching others