Learning

Question 1

Associative Learning

Answer 1

Pairing between a behavior and response (Operant vs Classical)

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit conditioned response

Question 3

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 3

Does not initially bring about response

Question 4

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 4

Naturally triggers a response without conditioning

Question 5

Unconditioned response

Answer 5

Natural, unlearned response to unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Previously neutral stimulus, now associated with unconditioned stimulus, triggers conditioned response

Question 7

Conditioned response

Answer 7

Learned response to previously neutral stimulus

Question 8

Acquisition

Answer 8

Process of associating an unconditioned stimulus with conditioned stimulus

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

Decrease / eventual disappearance of conditioned response due to absence of reinforcement

Question 10

Habituation

Answer 10

Decrease response to repeated stimulus over time

Question 11

Dishabituation

Answer 11

Recovery of habituated response after change in stimulation

Question 12

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 12

Reappearance of conditioned response after period of lessened response without occurrence of new reinforcement

Question 13

Stimulus generalization

Answer 13

Conditioned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 14

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 14

Ability to differentiate vt similar stimuli when only one is consistently associated with unconditioned stimulus

Question 15

Operant conditioning

Answer 15

Learning process where consequences of a behavior affect the probability of that behaviors occurrence

Question 16

Positive reinforcement

Answer 16

Adding pleasant stimulus to encourage behavior

Question 17

Positive punishment

Answer 17

Adding aversive stimulus to discourage behavior

Question 18

Negative punishment

Answer 18

Removing a desired stimulus to discourage behavior

Question 19

Negative reinforcement

Answer 19

Removing aversive stimulus to encourage behavior

Question 20

Escape learning

Answer 20

Terminate an ongoing, unpleasant stimulus -> type of negative reinforcement; distance self once presented with undesirable stimulus

Question 21

Avoidance learning

Answer 21

Type of negative reinforcement in which an attitude or behavior is learned that causes avoidance of something in the future

Question 22

Different types of partial reinforcement

Answer 22

Fixed ratio: reward after set # of behaviors
Variable ratio: reward after unpredictable # of behaviors
Fixed interval: reward after set time period
Variable interval: reward after changing time intervals

Question 23

Latent learning

Answer 23

Learning that is not immediately exhibited

Question 24

Instinctive drift

Answer 24

Reverting to instinctual behaviors despite conditioning efforts

Question 25

Observational Learning

Answer 25

Acquiring skills by observing others

Question 26

Imitation

Answer 26

Direct replication of observed behavior

Question 27

Mirror neurons

Answer 27

Activated when action is performed AND when that behavior is observed