learning

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

a process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in an organism’s behaviour or capabilities

Question 2

nonassociative learning

Answer 2

A form of learning that involves a change in the magnitude of and elicited response with repetition of the eliciting stimulus.

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

A form of learning that involves making connections between stimuli and behavioral responses.

Question 4

social learning

Answer 4

learning by instruction or observing how others behave

Question 5

hibitutation

Answer 5

a decrease in the strength of response to a repeated stimulus

Question 6

sensitisation

Answer 6

an increase in the strength of response to a repeated stimulus

Question 7

when is sensitization more potent than habituation

Answer 7

when aroused

Question 8

when is habituation more potent than sensitization

Answer 8

when relaxed

Question 9

Classical Conditioning

Answer 9

a process in which an organism learns to associate two stimuli, such that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that originally was elicited only by the other stimulus

Question 10

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 10

A stimulus that produces a reflexive response without prior learning.

Question 11

Unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 11

The response that is automatically generated by the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Conditions stimulus (CS)

Answer 12

A stimulus that has no prior positive or negative association but comes to elicit a response after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 13

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 13

A response that occurs in the presence of the conditioned stimulus after an association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is learned.

Question 14

aqusition

Answer 14

The initial learning of an association between the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli during classical conditioning.

Question 15

generalisation

Answer 15

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus, so that learning is not tied to narrowly to a specific stimulus.

Question 16

discrimination

Answer 16

Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli, thus preventing overgeneralizations.

Question 17

extincition

Answer 17

a process in which the CS is presented repeatedly in the absence of the UCS, causing the CR to weaken and eventually disappear

Question 18

spontaneous recovery

Answer 18

the reappearance of a previously extinguished CR after a rest period and without new learning trials

Question 19

operant conditioning

Answer 19

An active form of learning by which an association is made between a stimulus and a voluntary response

Question 20

Instrumental Learning

Answer 20

the process by which animals utilize trial and error to achieve the desired outcome

Question 21

Delayed reinforcement

Answer 21

Future consequences have less potency then consequences that are immediate

Question 22

Premack principle

Answer 22

using a more valued activity can reinforce the performance of a less valued activity

Question 23

Preparedness:

Answer 23

through evolution, animals are biologically predisposed to learn some associations more easily than others

Question 24

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Answer 24

a conditioned response in which the taste, sight, and/or smell of a particular food becomes disgusting and repulsive

Question 25

Mirror neurons

Answer 25

fire when you perform an action, but also fire when you see someone else perform an action

Question 26

Cultural transmission:

Answer 26

The transfer of information from one generation to another that is maintained not by genetics, but by teaching and learning.

Question 27

Vertical transmission:

Answer 27

The transmission of skills from parent to offspring. Language learning

Question 28

Horizontal transmission

Answer 28

the transmission of skills between peers.