LEarning

Question 1

Define Allele

Answer 1

each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 2

Define Amino Acid

Answer 2

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.

Question 3

Define Autosome

Answer 3

An autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 4

Define Chromatid

Answer 4

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Question 5

Define Chromosome

Answer 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 6

Define Complementary based pairs

Answer 6

Complementary Base Pairing | Definition, Rules & Examples …
Complementary base pairs refer to the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. in a double strand of DNA, adenine will always pair with its complement thymine and cytosine will always pair with its complement guanine.

Question 7

Define Diploid

Answer 7

Diploid is a term that refers to the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. Humans are diploid, and most of the body’s cells contain 23 chromosomes pairs.

Question 8

Define DNA

Answer 8

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent (being part of a whole) of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 9

Define Gene

Answer 9

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 10

Define Genotype

Answer 10

Genotype Definition, Types & Examples - Lesson | Study.com
The genotype definition is the genetic makeup of an organism. The genetic makeup of an organism is coded for in its DNA, the hereditary material of the cell.

Question 11

Define Haploid

Answer 11

Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells. Sexually reproducing organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid.

Question 12

Define Heterozygous

Answer 12

Heterozygous refers to having different alleles for a particular trait. If the two versions are different, you have a heterozygous genotype for that gene.

Question 13

Define Homozygous

Answer 13

Homozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Thus, an individual who is homozygous for a genomic marker has two identical versions of that marker.

Question 14

Define Karotype

Answer 14

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. (looks like a chart or map)

Question 15

Define Meiosis

Answer 15

Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). In humans, body (or somatic) cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). To maintain this state, the egg and sperm that unite during fertilization must be haploid, with a single set of chromosomes. During meiosis, each diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to yield four haploid daughter cells — the gametes.

Question 16

Define Mitosis

Answer 16

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. Mitosis is generally followed by equal division of the cell’s content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes.
(ipmatci)
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Interphase

Question 17

Define Nucleotide

Answer 17

Nucleotide
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Question 18

Define Pedigree

Answer 18

Definition of pedigree - NCI Dictionary of Genetics Terms - NCI
A diagram of family history that uses standardized symbols. A pedigree shows relationships between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family

Question 19

Define Phenotype

Answer 19

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 20

Define Somatic cell

Answer 20

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells. (formal word for body cell)