Learning Flashcards
How do we interpret behaviour?
1) Be critical
2) Start simple (Parsimony)
3) Consider past experiences
4) Don’t anthropomorphise
5) Avoid confounding factors
What is taxes?
An innate response to a stimulus
Innate from birth
What are some types of taxes?
Chemotaxis
Phototaxis
Hydrotaxis
Magnetotaxis
How do we know if a behaviour is largely genetic aka, a non-learned behaviour?
The behaviour is:
species-specific
predictable
inflexible
constant timing
What experiment was used to test fixed action patterns in robins?
Used stuffed robins to gain a reaction from real robins
Robin showed threat displays and when that didn’t work they would attack
Even if the ripped off the stuffed robins head, they kept attacking
The used stuffed juvenile robins (that had no red breast)
Stuffed juveniles received no reaction
So red breast in the releaser for the fixed action pattern
What is the definition of learning?
The cognitive process of transforming experience into a relatively permanent change in behaviour
What are types of non-associate learning?
Habituation
Sensitisation
What are the types of associative learning?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning aka trial and error
What were the four types of operant conditioning in the Skinner box?
1) Positive reinforcement
2) Negative reinforcement
3) Punishment
4) Extinction
What is observational learning?
Learning that is influences by the presence or actions of other individuals (normally conspecifics)
What are the four types of observational learning?
1) Facilitation - presence of a conspecific increases motivation
2) Enhancement - presence of conspecific draws attention to the area (local) or object (stimulus)
3) Imitation - observer copies the same sequence of actions as the demonstrator
4) Emulation - actor reaches the same end result as the demonstrator
