Learning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Neutral stimulus causes a formerly unrelated response if presented regularly just before another stimulus

Pavlov and his dogs

Question 2

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 2

A stimulus that causes an innate response

Pavlov- food

Question 3

Unconditioned Response

Answer 3

Natural reaction to stimulus

Pavlov- drooling when given food

Question 4

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 4

Stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus to be given meaning/a response

Pavlov- bell paired with food

Question 5

Conditioned Response

Answer 5

Learned response to conditioned stimulus

Generally same as unconditioned response
Pavlov- drooling when bell rung

Question 6

Generalization

Answer 6

Similar stimuli gets the same response

Minute Bell Music

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

Ability to respond differently to similar stimuli

Someone is walking up stairs and being able to tell who it is

Question 8

Extinction

Answer 8

Conditioned response dies out

Pavlov- Bell paired w/o food enough times that the dogs no longer drool

Question 9

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 9

Conditioned response randomly comes back

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

Learning from the consequences of behavior

Question 11

Classical v operant

Answer 11

Smthn comes before vs smthn coming after

Question 12

Shaping

Answer 12

Learning through little steps (successive approximation)

Question 13

Reinforcement

Answer 13

Increases the chance that a behavior will occur again

Question 14

Positive reinforcement

Answer 14

Pleasant stimulus presented following a response

Giving candy for good grades

Question 15

Negative reinforcement

Answer 15

Unpleasant stimulus is withdrawn following a response

Fire alarm

Question 16

Punishment

Answer 16

Decreases the chance that a behavior will occur again

Question 17

Positive punishment

Answer 17

Response followed by unpleasant stimulus

Shock collar

Question 18

Negative punishment

Answer 18

Response followed by removal of pleasant stimulus

Taking away phone

Question 19

Primary reinforcer

Answer 19

Innate

food

Question 20

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 20

Learned

Money

Question 21

Ratio

Answer 21

Number of occurrences of behavior

Question 22

Interval

Answer 22

Time between reinforcement

Question 23

Fixed Ratio

Answer 23

Know how many times behavior has to occur before reinforcement

5 problems then a reward

Question 24

Variable rato

Answer 24

Don’t know how many times behavior has to occur before reinforcement

Slot machines

Question 25

Fixed interval

Answer 25

Predictable/known amount of time

Getting paid every two weeks

Question 26

Variable Interval

Answer 26

Random amount of time

Pop quiz

Question 27

Observational Learning

Answer 27

Observe behavior and replicate it

Bobo Doll Experiment

Question 28

Locus of Control

Answer 28

Strategy for evaluating situations and looking at life

Question 29

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 29

Responsible for your own success

Question 30

External Locus of Control

Answer 30

Things happen to you

Question 31

Latent Learning

Answer 31

Learning occurs btu is not apparent until the information is necessary

Question 32

Cognitive Map

Answer 32

Mental representation of the environment

Question 33

Mirror Neurons

Answer 33

Neurons that responds the same regardless of if an action is being done by yourself or someone else

Question 34

Learned Helplessness

Answer 34

Feel like you can’t fix a situation and give up trying