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Exam > Learn ffs , also if ur in the car get the debit card > Flashcards

Learn ffs , also if ur in the car get the debit card Flashcards

1
Q

Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength?

A

Violet has the shortest wavelength

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2
Q

EMR transmits what

A

EMR transmits energy

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3
Q

According to Beer-Lambert law, if the l and ɛ are constant, absorbance is proportional to what?

A

Absorbance is proportional to concentration

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4
Q

EMR causes atoms to move from their preferred (1) state to an (2) state

A

Prefered ground to an excited state

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5
Q

Which colour of light has the longest wavelength?

A

red has the largest wavelength

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6
Q

Electrochemical methods are often used in the measurement of which analytes?

A

Sodium

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7
Q

When using a spectrophotometer, what units are used for absorbance?

A

None, its a log of a ratio

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8
Q

According to the Beer-Lambert law, it concentration decreases then absorbance will

A

decrease

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9
Q

Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs light photons from which part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

UV

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10
Q

In the following Beer-Lambert Law equation what does ‘l’ stand for?

A= ɛ.l.c

A

length of light path

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11
Q

Higher , Middle, Lower

A

Vo, Ve,VT,

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12
Q

In normal phase chromatography

A

stationary phases is polar and mobile phase is non polar

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13
Q

in reverse phase chromatography

A

stationary phases is non polar and mobile is polar

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14
Q

define fractionation range

A

The molecules within this size range will be separated by the gel according to size’

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15
Q

Molecules above the fraction range of a column will….

A

Elute from the column first and will be seen as the first peak measured

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16
Q

Molecules below the fraction range of a column will….

A

Elute from the column last and will be seen as the last peak measured

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17
Q

he G-50 column, used to separate a dye mixture in the lab, was made from what beads

A

Sephadex

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18
Q

The fractionation range for a G50 column is?

A

1500-30000

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19
Q

HPLC resolution is achieved by

A

small stationary particles and high pressure

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20
Q

Why is it important that a vacuum is maintained inside the mass spec?

A

So that ions produced in the ionisation chamber have a free run through the machine without hitting air molecules

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21
Q

The solvent methanol is more polar than chloroform

A

methanol IS more polar than chloroform

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22
Q

in TLC, the silica gel stationary phase is non-polar

A

Stationary phase is POLAR

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23
Q

Electrophoresis can be used to separate

A

DNA RNA PROTEINS

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24
Q

When a voltage is applied, samples will separate out according to their

A

Electrophoretic Mobility

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25
Q

Electrophoretic mobility is determined by

A

Shape, Mass, Charge, Medium, Buffer PH

26
Q

How is a potential gradient produced?

A

when a voltage is applied across two electrodes

27
Q

What is commonly used to stain proteins?

A

coomassie blue ,ponceau S

28
Q

What is commonly used to stain DNA?

A

gel green , gel red , ethidium bromide

29
Q

What key factors affect fixation?

A

Concentration, Duration, PH, Temperature

30
Q

What is used in histochemistry to locate carbohydrates in tissues?

A

Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) reaction

31
Q

histopathology

A

The study of disease at tissue level

32
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues and its structure under a microscope

33
Q

Which microscope(s) can be used to visualise unstained samples

A

Dark Field, Phase contrast

34
Q

What is commonly used to embed tissue in a solid material?

A

Wax

35
Q

In cytology, what stain can be used to stain cervical cells?

A

Papanicalaou stain

36
Q

histochemistry

A

The study of known substances within the structural framework through chemical interactions

37
Q

What is the common material used for fixation in cellular pathology labs

A

formalin

38
Q

What is commonly used to remove water in tissue dehydration

A

Alcohol

39
Q

what is the most common stain in histology and what does it do?

A

its HandE Haematoxylin and Eosin , stains nuclei purple.blue and cytoplasm pink

40
Q

which microscope has limited diagnostic applications and is more commonly used in research?

A

confocal

41
Q

f we wanted to look for changes in the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, which microscope would we use?

A

electron

42
Q

vactutainer colour order

A

Blue, Yellow, Purple, Grey

43
Q

haemodilution?

A

Sometimes blood may be taken from the drip arm of a patient which can lead to falsely lowered results.

44
Q

4 blood constituents

A

RBC, WBC, Plasma/Serum, Plateletes

45
Q

re-analytical errors account for what percentage of total laboratory errors?

A

70%

46
Q

In general, what sample would be used for the analysis of enzymes?

A

Serum

47
Q

In general, what sample type is used for the analysis of clotting factors?

A

Plasma

48
Q

if a sample tube contains an anticoagulant, when the blood sample is centrifuged there will be cells and.

A

Plasma

49
Q

What colour tube contains potassium EDTA as a anticoagulant?

A

Purple

50
Q

What colour tube is used for coagulation testing?

A

Blue

51
Q

What colour tube, most commonly used in biochemistry, contains a clot activator and separation gel?

A

Yellow

52
Q

What decade was automation first introduced into the laboratory?

A

1950’s

53
Q

Automation has reduced error rates by what percentage?

A

70%

54
Q

Pre analytical steps

That Same Alligator Poked Same Shoe

A 
Test request 
Sample receipt
Aliquoting of tap offs 
Phlebotomy 
Sample centrifugation 
Sample Transport
55
Q

post-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory RV

A

Reporting of Result

Validation of result

56
Q

An analyser that performs only selected assays is known as what?

A

discrete

57
Q

An analyser that analyses samples independent of loading order is known as what?

A

Random access

58
Q

Which of the following is an example of an analytical step?

A

Quality Control , Analysis of Sample

59
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pre-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory? That Same Aligator Cant

A

Test request, Sample receipt , Aliquoting tap offs, Sample centrifugation

60
Q

What order do pre-analytical machines perform the following functions? Racoons Can Detain A Raging Semi dogging

A 
Recognition of the barcode and requested tests
Centrifugation
Decap
Aliquot into analysis cup
Recap
Store
Direct analysis cup to correct analyser
61
Q

Point of care testing

A

Analytical procedures performed for patients by non-laboratory staff outside of the conventional laboratory setting

62
Q

quality control

A

Quality is the right , at the right time on the right specimen from the right patient

Exam (1 decks)

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