Learn ffs , also if ur in the car get the debit card Flashcards
Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength?
Violet has the shortest wavelength
EMR transmits what
EMR transmits energy
According to Beer-Lambert law, if the l and ɛ are constant, absorbance is proportional to what?
Absorbance is proportional to concentration
EMR causes atoms to move from their preferred (1) state to an (2) state
Prefered ground to an excited state
Which colour of light has the longest wavelength?
red has the largest wavelength
Electrochemical methods are often used in the measurement of which analytes?
Sodium
When using a spectrophotometer, what units are used for absorbance?
None, its a log of a ratio
According to the Beer-Lambert law, it concentration decreases then absorbance will
decrease
Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs light photons from which part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
UV
In the following Beer-Lambert Law equation what does ‘l’ stand for?
A= ɛ.l.c
length of light path
Higher , Middle, Lower
Vo, Ve,VT,
In normal phase chromatography
stationary phases is polar and mobile phase is non polar
in reverse phase chromatography
stationary phases is non polar and mobile is polar
define fractionation range
The molecules within this size range will be separated by the gel according to size’
Molecules above the fraction range of a column will….
Elute from the column first and will be seen as the first peak measured
Molecules below the fraction range of a column will….
Elute from the column last and will be seen as the last peak measured
he G-50 column, used to separate a dye mixture in the lab, was made from what beads
Sephadex
The fractionation range for a G50 column is?
1500-30000
HPLC resolution is achieved by
small stationary particles and high pressure
Why is it important that a vacuum is maintained inside the mass spec?
So that ions produced in the ionisation chamber have a free run through the machine without hitting air molecules
The solvent methanol is more polar than chloroform
methanol IS more polar than chloroform
in TLC, the silica gel stationary phase is non-polar
Stationary phase is POLAR
Electrophoresis can be used to separate
DNA RNA PROTEINS
When a voltage is applied, samples will separate out according to their
Electrophoretic Mobility
Electrophoretic mobility is determined by
Shape, Mass, Charge, Medium, Buffer PH
How is a potential gradient produced?
when a voltage is applied across two electrodes
What is commonly used to stain proteins?
coomassie blue ,ponceau S
What is commonly used to stain DNA?
gel green , gel red , ethidium bromide
What key factors affect fixation?
Concentration, Duration, PH, Temperature
What is used in histochemistry to locate carbohydrates in tissues?
Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) reaction
histopathology
The study of disease at tissue level
Histology
the study of tissues and its structure under a microscope
Which microscope(s) can be used to visualise unstained samples
Dark Field, Phase contrast
What is commonly used to embed tissue in a solid material?
Wax
In cytology, what stain can be used to stain cervical cells?
Papanicalaou stain
histochemistry
The study of known substances within the structural framework through chemical interactions
What is the common material used for fixation in cellular pathology labs
formalin
What is commonly used to remove water in tissue dehydration
Alcohol
what is the most common stain in histology and what does it do?
its HandE Haematoxylin and Eosin , stains nuclei purple.blue and cytoplasm pink
which microscope has limited diagnostic applications and is more commonly used in research?
confocal
f we wanted to look for changes in the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, which microscope would we use?
electron
vactutainer colour order
Blue, Yellow, Purple, Grey
haemodilution?
Sometimes blood may be taken from the drip arm of a patient which can lead to falsely lowered results.
4 blood constituents
RBC, WBC, Plasma/Serum, Plateletes
re-analytical errors account for what percentage of total laboratory errors?
70%
In general, what sample would be used for the analysis of enzymes?
Serum
In general, what sample type is used for the analysis of clotting factors?
Plasma
if a sample tube contains an anticoagulant, when the blood sample is centrifuged there will be cells and.
Plasma
What colour tube contains potassium EDTA as a anticoagulant?
Purple
What colour tube is used for coagulation testing?
Blue
What colour tube, most commonly used in biochemistry, contains a clot activator and separation gel?
Yellow
What decade was automation first introduced into the laboratory?
1950’s
Automation has reduced error rates by what percentage?
70%
Pre analytical steps
That Same Alligator Poked Same Shoe
Test request Sample receipt Aliquoting of tap offs Phlebotomy Sample centrifugation Sample Transport
post-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory RV
Reporting of Result
Validation of result
An analyser that performs only selected assays is known as what?
discrete
An analyser that analyses samples independent of loading order is known as what?
Random access
Which of the following is an example of an analytical step?
Quality Control , Analysis of Sample
Which of the following is an example of a pre-analytical step that takes place in the laboratory? That Same Aligator Cant
Test request, Sample receipt , Aliquoting tap offs, Sample centrifugation
What order do pre-analytical machines perform the following functions? Racoons Can Detain A Raging Semi dogging
Recognition of the barcode and requested tests Centrifugation Decap Aliquot into analysis cup Recap Store Direct analysis cup to correct analyser
Point of care testing
Analytical procedures performed for patients by non-laboratory staff outside of the conventional laboratory setting
quality control
Quality is the right , at the right time on the right specimen from the right patient
