Learn ‘em Antibiotics Flashcards
Defintion: Selective toxicity
the antibiotic has an effect only on the bacteria, but not on the human host
Chemotherapeutic index?
dosis tolerata maxima (DTM)/dosis curativa minima (DCM)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotics?
Penicillin,
Cephalosporin,
Carbapenem,
Glycopeptide.
Glycopeptide antibiotics
- Vancomycin
- Teicoplanin
Membrane function alternating antibiotics are:
- Polymyxines
- Daptomycin
What are the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics? (3 example)
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracycline
- Macrolide
- Chloramphenicol
- Linezolid
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors are: (2 example)
- Quinolones
- Rifampicin
- Nitroimidazole
Antibiotic resistance mechanism are:
- Enzymatic degradation or modification of the antibiotics
- Efflux pump,
- Modifying of the antibiotic binding site
What does MRSA mean?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
What does ESBL mean?
Extended spectrum of beta lactamase enzyme.
What does MIC mean?
Minimal bacteriostatic concentration of an antibiotic measured in ug/ml.
What does MBC mean?
Minimal bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic measured in ug/ml.
Definitions: MBL, MACI, PACI
a. MBL: metallo-beta-lactamase (=carbapenemase)
b. MACI: multi-resistant Acinetobacter
c. PACI: pan-resistant Acinetobacter
What kind of specimen can be sent to the microbiological diagnostic laboratory in the case of typical pneumonia?
Sputum and haemoculture
What kind of specimen can be sent to the microbiology diagnostic laboratory in the case of atypical pneumonia?
Blood, urine, broncho-alveolar lavage.
What kind of bacterial infection can be treated by antitoxin? (2 example)
Infections caused by bacterial exotoxins: tetanus, botulism, diphtheria
Which bacteria can be differentiated with the catalase test?
Staphylococci (+) and Streptococci (-)
Which bacteria can be differentiated with the coagulase test?
Staphylococcus aureus (+) and the other staphylococcus species (-, so called „coagulase-negative staphylococci”)
