Learn breed after topics Flashcards
H1. Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter-species hybrids
- Wild horses
- Prewalski horse
- Tarpan
- Domestic horse
- Mule – Male ass (jack) & mare. Usually sterile
- Hinny/jennet – Female ass (jenny) & stallion. Less common. Also infertile.
- Zebra mules (zorse, zonkey)
evolution: • Eohippus - > • Mesohippus . > • Mio-, mery-, pliohippus -> • Equus
- Arabian origin horse breeds and other Arabian blooded descendants
- Purebred Arabs
- Shagya Arab
- Barb
- Anglo-Arab
- Akhal-Teke
- The Spanish horses and Spanish blooded descendants
Andalusian Lusitano Lippizaner fresian Knapstrup
American descendants of spanish horses:
- Mustang – wild, feral derivates
- Appaloosa
- Quarter horse
- American paint/Pinto
- English Thoroughbred, the trotters and Thoroughbred blooded sport horses
Founders of the modern thoroughbred • Godolpin Arabian (Barb) • Darley Arabian • Byerly Turk • Corwen Bay Barb
Hungarian horse breeds (Halfbred – Improved by TB)
• Gidran
• Noniusz
TB-type breeds/TB-influenced breeds • Trakehner o Arab x TB • Holstein • Hanoverian o Influenced by TB, Trakhener & Holstein o Good competition horses • Oldenburg • Selle Francais (French Saddle Horse) • Dutch warmblood • Anglo-Arab • American Saddlebred
Trotters & Pacers • Russian trotter • American standardbred • French trotter • Hungarian trotter • Hackney • Morgan
- Cold blooded (heavy draught) horses, ponies and small horses
- Shire
- Clydesdale
- Breton
- Ardenner
- Brabrant
Ponies: SHetlands pony Welshpony Connemara New forest Icelandic horse Norwegian fjordhorse Haflinger Falabella
- Domestication of cattle, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter-species hybrids
Aurochs
- Taurine
- Zebu
- Bali
- Gayal
Wild species:
Bison: from america and from europe
Feral cattle:
Aleutian wild cattle
Chillingham cattle
Enderby island cattle
- Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for production of consumption milk
UK single purpose dairy breeds Jersey Guernsey Ayrshire Holstein fresian/ Holstein Milking shorthorn Brown swiss Norwegian red Telemark ku
dairy dual purpose breeds
Simmental
Vorderwalder
Hinterwalder
Norsk ku
Norwegian red Telemark ku Dølafe Lingdalfe Rød trønder Vestlands raudkolle Østlandsk rødkolle
- Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for cheese industry milk production
Montbeliarde Normande Simmental Ayrshire Holstein fresian
- Beef cattle breeds: characteristics, classification, maternal beef cattle types and breeds
Hereford Shorthorn Angus red angus Galloway hungarian grey
- Beef cattle breeds: characteristics, classification, paternal beef cattle types and breeds
Charolais Limousin Blonde d' Aquitaine Belgian blue Texas longhorn
- Basics of feline breeding (goals, use, breeds, breeding methods)
Shorthair cats: • Manx • British shorthair • Sphinx • Bengal • Siamese • Colourpoint-british shorthair
Longhaired cats: • Maine coon • Norwegian forest cat • Ragdoll • Birman • Persian
hybrids:
- Bengal (wild cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) x Abyssinian)
- Ocicat (Thai x Abyssinian)
- Pixie-bob (Bobcat, lynx rufus x domestic cat)
- Milk type and prolific sheep breeds (prolificacy genes) (prolific= high fertility/offspring)
High potential (200-500kg milk per period) • Friesland, British Milk sheep (East Friesian/Texel), Lacaune (France), Sarda (Italy)
Average/good potential (90-200kg)
• Churra (Spain), Comisana (Italy), Kymi (Greece), Lacha (Spain)
Low potential (50-90kg) • Awassi, Finnish & Swedish Landrace, norwegian
Norsk:
- Østfrisk
- Dalasau
- Grå trønder.
- Norsk kvit sau
- Norsk spælsau/ norwegian short tail landrace
- Norsk blæsett
- Meat (mutton) type sheep
English long-wool mutton breeds • White faced, long & varied wool quality, big-bodied, polled, late maturite o Leicester (bluefaced), Lincoln, Romney
English short-wool mutton breeds
• Short legged, downy, medium qual wool, hornless, dark face & legs, breed out of season, prolific
o South down, Suffolk, Hampshire down, Oxford Down, Shropshire Down,
Other mutton breeds
• German Black faced mutton sheep & white faced landsheep
• French: Ile de France (Leicester + Rambouillet), Charollais
• Holland: Texel (4-shank)
- Fur producer sheep breeds, hairy sheep
Breeds: • Africana: black and white • Damara: • Masai: • Somali: • Uda • Royal white
- Milk type goat breeds, goat milk
- Saanen
- Alpine:
- Nubian:
- Toggenburg:
- Norwegian milk goat
- Wool producing sheep breeds, structure and characteristics of wool, wool defects
Mutton Merino (meat & wool dual purpose) -> Leicester rosses, Merino Precoce, German meat merino, Merino landrace, South-African meat merino
Prolific Merino -> Booroola
- Wool producing sheep breeds:
- Merino sheep - Devon
- kvit old Norwegian sheep and spel sheep (Old Norwegian Short tail landrace)
- Grå trønder - Dalasau
- Meat (chevon) and wool producer goat breeds
Meat-producing goat breeds: • Boer goat • Anglo-Nubian goat • Bengal black • Fainting goat • Kiko goat
wool:
4 main breed groups pig:
4 main breed groups:
a. Large white
b. Landrace- belgian landrace
c. Colour(culture, and local variety)- Hampshire, pietrain, duroc, mangalitsa
d. Asian- meishan, vietnamese lop eared
e. (hybrids)
- Classification swine breeds (origin, constitution, size, colour, role in crossing)
Asian wild boar
European wild boar
- Lard type: Poland chinas, Cheshire, essex, mulefoots;
- Bacon and meat types: landrace, Yorkshires, tamworth
- Dual-purpose: Berkshire, Hampshire, large black, saddlebacks
- The Yorkshire (the large white) breed group of swine
Yorkshire = English Large White Large White (GB) of old yorkshire breed
- The Landrace breed group of pigs
Danish Landrace
Landraces (EU)
Eg. Norwegian landrace
14 – The colour pig breeds
Pietrain (Belgian) Duroc (USA) Tamworth (Sandy Back, Tam) Hampshire (developed USA) Berkshire (GB) Poland China (USA)
15 – Importance of Asian and other local swine breeds
Meishan
Vietnamese pot bellied
Unusual/endangered/local breeds Large Black (Cornwall, GB) Wessex Saddleback/Wessex Black Iberian/Iberico Mangalitsa (Hungarian) Kune kune Göttingen minipigs
- The layer hen type (breeding goal, use, breeds, traits, breeding methods)
- Hybrids: Golden comet,
- Rhode island red: dual purpose
- Leghorn: italian
Other breeds: Plymouth rock: USA, dual purpose, brown eggs, easy to manage, resistant to cold 200 eggs a year
Norsk jærhøns:
- The layer hen type (egg production & hybrids)
- Lohman layer hybrid
- Tetra L layer hybrid:
- Tetra SL layer hybrid: Shaver, Harco, Hisex, Dekalb, Babcock
- Rhode island red x Sussex => Black tail/gingernut ranger
- Rhode island red x Rhode island white => Amber (star)
6 – Broiler chicken (breeding goal, use, breeds, traits, breeding methods and hybrids)
Cornish cross: 6-8 weeks to reach ca.5 kg/12 pounds
Breeds: Brown Leghorn, Egyptian Fayoumi, Turken (Naked Neck), Buckeye
Broiler parents=White Cornis and White Plymouth=> Hybro, Peterson, Hubbard, Ross, Arbor Acress, Lohmann
9 – Breeding turkey (breeding goal, use, breeds, traits, breeding methods and hybrids)
Bronze turkey White turkey (broad breasted) White Beltsville (USA) Empire white (GB) Black turkey (EU) Hybrid: BUT British united turkey
10 – Breeding goose (breeding goal, use, breeds, traits, breeding methods and hybrids)
Breeds & hybrids • Layers Italian goose Bohemian (Czech) goose Rhenish goose Swan neck goose • Meat Emden Grey Pomeranian Pilgrim • Liver (fatty liver) Toulouse Grey goose (Landes) African goose • Other breeds Egyptian geese Hungarian improved goose • Hybrids Gourmand
- Breeding ducks (breeding goal, use, species, breeds, traits, breeding methods and hybrids)
Layer breeds
o Runner ducks
o Khaki Campbell
Meat breeds
o Peking duck
o Aylesbury duck
o Rouen duck
Other o Pomeranian duck o Crested white ducks o Cayuga duck o Muscovy duck
Hybrids
- Mallard x black ducks
- Eurasian wigeons x American wigeons
- Mallard x pintail
- Breeding pigeon
- Flying/sporting breeds: Tipplers
- Fancy pigeons: english carrier pidgeon, duchess pidgeon, isdue
- Meat pigeons & hybrids: king pidgeon, texan
