Learn all of these for masterful mock knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
How much of its territories did Germany lose as part of the treaty of Versailles?
A
10%, including Alsace Lorraine which was returned to France.
2
Q
In what year was the Dollfus affair?
A
1934
3
Q
In what year and period did the NHS come into operation?
A
1948 - twentieth century
4
Q
What and when was the ‘Red Rising’ in the Ruhr?
A
1920: A group of workers, led by Communists who were angry about pay and working conditions. They occupied the Ruhr region of Germany and took over its raw materials but were beaten by the German army and Friekorps/.
5
Q
What approach did Hitler change to in 1924?
A
A political approach which aimed to take control of Germany through the democratic process and then change it into what the Nazis wanted.
6
Q
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
A
Reparations - £6,600 million!
7
Q
In what country was the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
A
America.
8
Q
The Hoare-Laval Pact was never put into action. Why is it still significant in understanding about the invasion of Abyssinia?
A
It proved to the world that Britain and France were willing to undermine the League of Nations for their own self-interest.
9
Q
Who tried to stop Germany when troops were sent into the Rhineland?
A
Nobody.
10
Q
What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?
A
Detailed drawings of the human body.
11
Q
How do the letters PTMM help you remember the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
A
P=pride, T=territory, M=money, M=military strength.
12
Q
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
A
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
13
Q
Which two countries signed the Rapallo Treaty of 1922?
A
Germany and Russia.
14
Q
What was the Egyptians’ natural response to illness?
A
The Channel Theory.
15
Q
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
A
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
16
Q
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
A
June 1919
17
Q
Why did Stalin of Russia make a deal with Hitler despite them being so different and Hitler hating Communists?
A
Stalin doubted the strength of the League, nobody stood up to Hitler over the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, he had been left out of the Munich agreement in 1938.
18
Q
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
A
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
19
Q
Which country was given control of the Aland islands by the League?
A
Finland
20
Q
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was comprised of 42 nations? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
A
21
Q
What was agreed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-22?
A
Britain and the USA could have the same sized navies and for every 5 tonnes each of their ships weighed, Japan could have 3 tonnes.
22
Q
What is unusual about the League of Nations and America?
A
America proposed the creation of the League but did not join. This is because President Wilson was blocked by the Senate of his government.
23
Q
What did Germany and Italy agree in the Rome-Berlin Axis?
A
They agreed that they would work more closely together in the future.
24
Q
In what year did Japan launch a full scale invasion of China?
A
1937
25
In what year did Hitler achieve Anschluss with Austria?
1938
26
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
27
In what year did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
28
On what condition were the Aland islands granted to Finland in 1921?
Finland was not allowed to build military bases on the islands.
29
What did Hitler show off at the 'Freedom to Rearm rally' in 1935?
The weapons and troops he had been secretly building up.
30
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact push Britain closer to war?
Britain promised Poland that if Hitler invaded, they would declare war on Germany.
31
What did Stressemann do to solve the crisis?
Convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark (1 rentenmark replaced 1000 billion marks), and got Germany financial aid from overseas by co-organising…
32
Why did Hitler feel that he had to choose between the German army and the SA?
Because the army didn’t like Rohm and the SA whilst Rohm wanted command of the army. Hitler knew he needed the armies support to stay in charge.
33
What was the financial impact of the Kaiser's naval laws?
They were very expensive and by 1914 Germany was 5 billion marks in debt.
34
After the Abyssinia Crisis, Mussolini later said that if ................... and ................ had been banned he would have abandoned his invasion.
coal and oil.
35
How did the Roman army help to improve surgery?
Lots of wounded soldiers meant lots of practise for surgeons.
36
When did Germany invade Poland?
1st September 1939.
37
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
38
How can the word LAMB help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
L=land, A=army, M=money, B=blame
39
What form of transport was at the centre of the Mukden incident?
A train of the Japanese owned South Manchurian railway.
40
What does the Suez Canal have to do with the invasion of Abyssinia?
Britain and France controlled this important trade route. They could have closed it to Italy which would have cut off the invasion. However they didn't want to upset Mussolini in case they needed his help against Hitler.
41
What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?
To keep Germany strong for trade with Britain, gain German colonies for Britain, keep the Royal navy powerful, ensure Germany was a buffer against Russia communism.
42
What were mandates?
Germany's colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
43
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
44
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
45
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Britain in 1919.
46
What was the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?
60% of votes won by Germany. However, Poland did not accept this result so the area was divided up with rural areas going to Germany and industrial areas going to Poland.
47
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
48
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
49
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was its version of a civil service (the people who work for the government)? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
D
50
How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?
700
51
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
52
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
53
What was the Dawes plan?
The Dawes plan was proposed by American banker Charles Dawed in 1924. It gave economic relief to Germany by giving them a huge loan from America.
54
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Smallpox vaccination using cowpox
55
In what country would you have found the Sudetenland?
Czechoslovakia
56
In what year were these challenges for the League: invasion of Vilna, Aaland islands, Upper Silesia.
1921
57
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
58
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
59
What was unusual about the Anschluss plebiscite held in April 1938?
It was conducted AFTER the invasion of Austria by Nazi troops had already happened. Those voting were encouraged to vote 'yes' by Nazi stormtroopers and a bigger 'yes' circle on the voting slip.
60
Where was Upper Silesia?
In South Poland, close to the German/Polish border.
61
What would a doctor find that was useful in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna?
The medical properties of 760 different drugs and chapters on medical problems such as anorexia and obesity.
62
How did the Wall Street Crash impact other countries in the world?
The American economy entered a state of depression, this impacted all the countries that America traded with and/or had lent money to, such as Germany.
63
In what year did Italy invade Abyssinia?
1935?
64
What famous book did Avicenna write?
The Canon of Medicine
65
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany's Navy and steel production was half that of Britain's. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
66
Which country did the Rhineland belong to?
Germany.
67
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
68
What improved knowledge of anatomy in the Egyptian period?
Embalming.
69
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
70
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met only once a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
71
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
72
What were the three main problems facing the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Industrialisation, socialism, democracy.
73
Why did some people oppose Edward Jenner's vaccination?
They were worried about having animal matter injected into them.
74
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
75
What did Greece do to Bulgaria in 1925?
They invaded it after Greek soldiers had been killed on the Greek/Bulgarian border.
76
Who was Sekhmet?
The Egyptian Goddess of War who they believed also caused and cured epidemics.
77
What connects the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference?
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the outcomes from the Paris Peace Conference.
78
What is the earliest example of surgery we know about in the History of Medicine?
Trephinning.
79
What was Laissez-Faire?
A widely held belief at the start of the industrial period that it was not the job of government to try to improve public health.
80
When did Italy leave the League of Nations?
May 1936
81
-What were Koch’s three contributions towards discovering the causes of disease?
Solid medium, staining, method.
82
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
83
What are the different time periods in the History of medicine (in order please)?
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Dark Ages, Renaissance, Industrial period, 20th/21st centuries.
84
How did astrology impact medicine in the Middle Ages?
People started to think that the movement of the stars and the planets could explain illness or give the best time to conduct an operation.
85
Which time periods are sometimes summarised as the' 'Ancient World?'
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Romans
86
What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?
That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.
87
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain's.
88
How can the word BRAT help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B= blame, R = reparations, A= army, T=territory
89
What metal were Egyptian surgical instruments made from?
Bronze
90
What has CAR got to do with understanding about the vaccines that Louis Pasteur developed?
C = chicken cholera A = anthrax in sheep R = rabies in humans
91
What 'five giants' did William Beveridge want to beat in his report of 1942?
disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness, squalor (poor living conditions).
92
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
93
Who was George Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France in 1919
94
What did Russia and Germany agree when they signed the Rapallo Treaty in 1922?
Germany would return to Russia money and land that had been lost at the end of WW1. Also, both countries would try to cooperate more in the future.
95
Name the 4 humours.
Phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile.
96
What was the military impact of the Kaiser's naval laws?
Encouraged war.
97
What was the Hippocratic collection?
A collection of books covering many aspects of medicine written by Hippocrates. They were used for centuries.
98
What was discussed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-11?
disarmament
99
In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?
1628- Renaissance
100
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
101
What was the Saar and what happened to it in the Treaty of Versailles?
An important industrial area of Germany. It was put under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years.
102
How did the League use trade sanctions to try to solve the Abyssinia Crisis?
Italy and Abyssinia were both banned from buying weapons. Italy however was able to continue buying oil, steel, coal and iron.
103
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
104
Why was Galen so popular with the Christian church?
He taught his students that the human body fitted together in a well designed whole. This suggested that a greater being (God) had designed the human body. That's why Christians liked him.
105
Which countries signed the Anti-Comintern pact and what did they agree?
Germany and Japan. They agreed to work together against Communism.
106
Who were the SA?
The Sturm-Abteilung or stormtroopers. Hitler’s brown-shirted private army, commanded by Ernst Rohm.
107
Who was in the Pact of Steel?
Germany and Italy at first and then Japan in 1940.
108
What was allowed at Alexandria that helped improve knowledge of anatomy?
Dissection.
109
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
110
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
111
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
112
Had Hitler always wanted war with Britain?
No, he suggested a 25 year non-aggression pact in 1936, but Britain refused.
113
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
114
How did the League deal with the Bulgaria situation of 1925?
Greece was condemned by the League, ordered to pay compensation to Bulgaria and withdraw their troops.
115
How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.
116
Who were the Nazis main rival political party during the Depression?
The Communists.
117
What was a supernatural treatment for illness in the Egyptian period?
Pray to Sekhmet
118
What did Britain, France and Italy agree in the Stresa Front?
Guarantee the terms of the Locarno Treaty, protect Austrian independence, work together to ensure Hitler stopped breaking the rules of the Treaty of Versailles,
119
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
120
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
121
What did Japan do when it was ordered to withdraw from Manchuria in February 1933?
Left the League of Nations instead.
122
What was a consequence of the Kaiser's work to industrialise Germany?
Increased the gap between rich and poor and made the workers unhappy about their poor wages.
123
What did Harvey develop to help him prove how blood circulated around the body?
Think rods that could be pushed into veins to prove the direction of blood flow.
124
Why did the Greek’s believe in the 4 Humours theory?
It was based on their observations of the world, believing that there were four elements that made up everything, four seasons of the weather, and four humours inside the body.
125
What were mandates?
Germany's colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
126
What does the word Bolshevism mean?
Another name for Communism in Russia.
127
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
128
What did George Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Revenge for French losses and damage in WW1, to cripple Germany militarily, money to rebuild, make France less vulnerable to future attack.
129
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
130
In a Christian church hospital of the Middle Ages, who would treat your illness?
Nobody. Christians believed God would cure you, they only made you comfortable and prayed for you.
131
What was Article 48?
Said that in an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag.
132
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
133
Who was Roosevelt (FDR)?
President of America for most of the 1930s.
134
What messages did Nazi propaganda give voters in 1932?
That Hitler was their last hope and that only the Nazis could save Germany from economic turmoil.
135
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
136
Which country wanted to invade Manchuria?
Japan
137
-When did John Snow discover the link between cholera and dirty water?
1854.
138
What was Dollfuss' view of Anschluss?
He was opposed to it.
139
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
140
What are alternative names for the industrial period?
The nineteenth century and the industrial revolution.
141
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
142
In what year were the Locarno Treaties?
1925
143
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people's knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
144
What did Rhazes achieve?
The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.
145
What kind of voting took place in Upper Silesia in 1921?
A plebiscite to decide whether the area would be owned by Germany or Poland.
146
Which of these is not a humour: blood, sweat, yellow bile?
Sweat
147
Most Egyptian medicines were purgatives. What does this mean?
Medicines designed to make you be sick or go to the toilet (poo poo).
148
What happened to General Tellini and his men when they went to survey the Greek/Albanian border?
They were murdered.
149
What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Creation of the League of Nations, not to be too hard on Germany, self-determination, freedom of the seas, the fourteen points.
150
How many people were unemployed in Germany by 1932?
6 million.
151
Who were Hoare and Laval?
British and French ministers who were sent to make a secret deal with Italy which would hand over half of Abyssinia to Mussolini. The meeting was leaked to the press, the were both sacked and the deal never happened.
152
When was the printing press invented?
1451.
153
Why did fear of Communism make many moderate Germans vote for the Nazis?
People who wouldn’t normally vote for the Nazis decided they’d rather have them in charge than the Communists who would take their money and possessions.
154
What did the League do when Italian troops invaded the capital of Abyssinia on 5th May 1936?
Nothing.
155
What does RUT have to do with Hitler's foreign policy aims for Germany?
R = rearm U = unite T = territory
156
By 1912, what did the Kaiser realise was one way to unite his country and stop the complaints of the SDP?
Get Germany into a war (WW1).
157
If you had a bad fever, which humour would Greek doctors say you had too much of?
Yellow bile.
158
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of ............................... ?
Sevres
159
In what year was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
1939
160
What was wound man?
A diagram used to instruct surgeons in the Middle Ages how to treat various battlefield injuries.
161
1When did Hitler join the Nazis?
1919
162
What was John of Aderne famous for?
Being a fantastic English surgeon, the manual of surgery he wrote called 'Practica,' using opium and henbane to dull pain in surgery and forming the Guild of Surgeons in London in 1368.
163
What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
There wasn’t one
164
The Roman goddess of healing was called Salus. Who else did they sometimes pray to?
Asclepius.
165
What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?
The printing press.
166
Why was the Abyssinia incident especially difficult the League to deal with?
Both Italy and Abyssinia were members.
167
Which war is McIndoe linked to?
WW2
168
Why was Socialism a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The gap between the rich and poor had widened due to industrialisation. Poorly paid workers had joined trade unions to try to force the Kaiser to improve their conditions.
169
What did Galen demonstrate that improved knowledge of anatomy?
That the brain controls the body not the heart.
170
What was the outcome of the Corfu incident of 1923?
Mussolini was condemned but not punished by the League. Greece was made to pay compensation to the League for the loss of Tellini and his men. Mussolini demanded that this compensation go directly to him and the League agreed. Italian troops then left Corfu.
171
In what year did the League of Nations first meet?
1920
172
What social reforms that helped improve public health did the Liberal government in Britain introduce in 1906?
Free school meals for poor children, free medical check and free treatment.
173
How big was the League of Nations' army?
0, it didn't have one.
174
Which two European countries occupied territories surrounding Abyssinia?
Britain and Italy.
175
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
176
What are the International Labour organisation, the Disarmament commission and the Slavery Commission all examples of?
League of Nations special commissions.
177
How did the Kasier try to solve the problem of Democracy?
The Kaiser used nationalism to get the support of the upper and middle classes.
178
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
179
What and when was the Munich putsch?
1923, Hitler and the Nazis first attempt to take power in Germany by capturing the government with their SA troops in Munich. Beaten by the police and the army following which Hitler was sent to prison.
180
What was the main difference between the 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts?
The first was voluntary, the second was compulsory.
181
What and when was the Kapp putsch?
1920, Friekorps leader Wolfgang Kapp unsuccessfully tried to seize control from the Weimar government in Berlin. Workers in Berlin refused to accept this and went on strike, causing Kapp to flee.
182
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
183
How did the factor chance help Pare?
It was by chance that he ran out of boiling oil.
184
How did the Kasier try to solve the problem of socialism?
Social reforms were introduced eg 1889 old age pensions plus sickness and accident insurance schemes.
185
In what year and period did Joseph Lister publish details of carbolic spray?
1867 - industrial
186
What year was the Treaty of Versailles and what were its key points?
1919. Germany had to accept full blame for WW1, could not re-arm and had to accept war reparations equivalent to £6,600 million.
187
What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?
It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.
188
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
189
Who was Stressemann, when was he around?
Chancellor of Germany in 1923.
190
What does the word Volksdeutsche mean?
People of the German race
191
In what year and period did Joseph Bazalgette begin building London's underground sewer system?
1858 - industrial
192
In what year and period did Fleming discover penicllin?
1928 - twentieth century
193
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
194
How many Austrians voted in favour of Anschluss in the April 1938 plebiscite?
99%
195
What was the Egyptian’s natural explanation for disease?
The Channel Theory
196
How many months after the Mukden incident was the Lytton report published?
13 months
197
What was developed during WW1 that improved surgery?
X-ray machines
198
What was the covenant of the League of Nations?
An agreement between all the countries in the League that they would deal with aggression by getting countries to talk through problems, be ready to tell the guilty country when they were in the wrong and use economic sanctions as punishments.
199
Why might someone trying to avoid the Black Death sit in a sewer?
Because the smell there would be worse than the bad smells that they thought would bring the Black Death.
200
What was the Austrian Nazi party planning in January 1938?
To overthrow Schuschnigg.
201
What does the word Lebensraum mean?
Living space for Germany.
202
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Dictator of the Communist USSR.
203
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people's knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
204
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
205
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people's knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
206
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
207
In what year did Japan invade Manchuria?
1931
208
Who were the Big 3?
Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, WIlson of the USA.
209
-What disease did Pasteur first use his vaccination ideas to treat a human for?
Rabies.
210
Why did some people in England during the Renaissance believe that being touched by the King would heal them?
Because he was supposed to represent God.
211
Why did Mussolini want to invade Abyssinia?
Wanted a new empire, Abyssinia was an easy target, gain natura resources and good land for grazing, Abyssinia had previously defeated Italy in a war (1896), Mussolini was confident that the League of Nations and Britain/France wouldn't stop him,
212
True or false: in the Middle Ages people started to believe in astrological reasons for illness?
True.
213
In what year was the 'Great stink' in London?
1858
214
What was proportional representation?
Political parties were allocated seats in line with the number of votes received.
215
Which country did Germany and the USSR agree to divide between the in the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
Poland
216
Who was Engleburt Dollfuss?
Chancellor of Austria in the early 1930s.
217
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey
218
Which countries were not invited to the Munich Agreement that should have been there?
Czechoslovakia and Russia.
219
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Neiully?
Bulgaria.
220
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
221
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
222
What was the Greek’s natural explanation for disease called?
The Four Humours.
223
What Egyptian invention improved communication?
Papyrus
224
What was it about Hitler’s style and skills that made him so popular with voters?
A powerful and inspiring public speaker, could identify with his audiences, people believed in him.
225
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
226
How many seats did the Nazis win in the 1933 election?
288
227
What entered the Rhineland on 7th March 1936?
German troops under orders to retreat if they met any resistance.
228
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
229
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
230
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power to offer advice and issue blame but could not actually punish? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
c
231
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met four times a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
b
232
-What did Edwin Chadwick's discovery lead to being passed?
The 1848 Public Health act?
233
What are the years of the Dark Ages?
500-1400 AD
234
What did Austrian Nazis do in 1934?
They caused havoc across Austria and murdered the Chancellor, Engleburt Dollfuss.
235
Why was Democracy a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The Kaiser's right wing friends were declining in influence. Left wing parties (concerned with workers rights) were growing.
236
Who were Schuschnigg and Seyss-Inquart?
The final two chancellors of Austria before Anschluss was acheived.
237
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
238
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
239
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of ............................... ?
Sevres
240
What was cauterising?
Sealing a wound and stopping it from bleeding by busing red hot iron.
241
What was the political impact of the Kaiser's naval laws?
They won him lots of support as played upon people's sense of patriotism.
242
How did the Kaiser solve the problem of industrialisation?
He gained the support of rich businessmen to improve Germany's industrial strength. The growth in population (40 million in 1871 to 68 million in 1914) also helped.
243
Why was Anschluss not achieved in 1934?
The Austrian Army supported the (anti-Nazi) government plus Mussolini moved Italian troops to the Austrian border and threatened to invade if Hitler didn't back off.
244
What medical options were available to unwell people during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
Barber-surgeons, Apothecaries, Wise-women, Quacks.
245
In what year did Christiaan Barnard perform the first heart transplant?
1967
246
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
247
What was Lady Montague’s inoculation for?
Smallpox
248
What two countries had a dispute about Vilna in 1920?
Poland and Lithuania.
249
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
Prime Minister of Britain 1937-40.
250
In what year was the Corfu crisis?
1923
251
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
252
What are two men with surnames Chain and Florey famous for?
Developing the work of Fleming on penicillin and antibiotics
253
What are two men with surnames Crick and Watson famous for?
Discovering DNA
254
Why was the Sudetenland an attractive target for Hitler?
It belonged to Czechoslovakia which was a new country resulting from the Treaty of Versailles which Hitler opposed.I t had vast resources that Hitler could use such as railways, forts, factories. There were 3 million Volksdeutche there. It surrounded Czechoslovakia on three sides.
255
True/false: people understood disease better than they had done in 1348 when the Great Plague returned in 1665?
False
256
Who was Pu Yi?
The ex-Chinese emperor put in charge of Manchuria after the Japanese invasion, he was to be a 'puppet' ruler controlled by the Japanese.
257
How was the Weimar constitution organised?
President – Chancellor – Reichstag (German parliament) – people.
258
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
259
Who set up the SDP (Social Democratic Party)?
German workers who were still unhappy with inequality in the Kaiser's Germany.
260
Did Vesalius set out to prove Galen wrong?
No. He read Galen's works carefully but started to notice that what he was reading and what he was seeing during dissections did not match. That was when he realised that a lot of Galen's anatomical facts were based on animal dissection and therefore wrong.
261
What sort of promises did the Nazis make to people before elections?
Solve Germany’s economic problems, provide strong leadership, ignore the Treaty of Versailles, build up the army, make Germany great again.
262
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below needed a unanimous decision for it to happen? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
263
How many books were in the library at Alexandria?
700,000.
264
What did Hitler demand at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
That other countries (not just Germany) disarm. Then that Germany be allowed to have the same sized army as France.
265
How did papyrus improve medicine in Egyptian times?
Healers and surgeons were able to record and share ideas and discoveries.
266
What would a healthy person’s humours be like?
Balanced.
267
What were aqueducts?
Channels built by the Romans to bring fresh clean water into their towns and cities from higher ground.
268
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anchluss
269
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
270
What did Galen add to the Four Humours theory?
The idea of using ‘opposites’ to balance the humours.
271
What did Harold Gillies do during and after WW1?
Set up a special unit to perform skin grafts on wounded soldiers.
272
Which war is Harold Gillies linked to?
WW1
273
Who were the Spartacists and what did they try to achieve?
A group of Communists led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht who attempted to turn a worker’s protest in January 1919 into a revolution. They captured the government controlled newspaper and telegraph HQs but were eventually beaten and killed by the amry and Friekorp units.
274
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write 'LON' or 'the League?'
'the League'
275
Which countries made an agreement in the Stresa Front?
Britain, France and Italy.
276
Who were George Grosz, Otto Dix and Fritz Lang?
Artists and film directors whose work typified the divided nature of Weimar society in the late 1920s: half decadent and indulgent, half poor and resentful.
277
What role did Von Papen, Von schleicher and President Hindenburg play in Hitler’s becoming Chancellor?
Political deals! Von papen was unsuccessful as Chancellor so was sacked by Hindenburg who replaced him with Von Schleicher. Schleicher also had little success with the Nazi dominated Reichstag. Meanwhile, von Papen wanted his revenge on von Schleicher so made a deal with Hitler who become a ‘puppet’ chancellor to be controlled by Hindenburg and him as vice-chancellor.
278
Give details of the three problems that affected Germany in 1923.
The French occupation of the Ruhr, hyperinflation and the Munich Putsch.
279
What does the Spanish civil war have to do with our topic?
One side in the Spanish Civil war were Fascists led by General Franco. Hitler and Mussolini sent troops and weapons to support him; this gave their forces a good opportunity to practice fighting.
280
What was the year and details of the Kaiser's first Naval law?
1898 - added an additional 7 battleships to the total built each year (to a total of 19).
281
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
282
Who were the Friekorps?
Groups of ex-soldiers who continued serving despite not being paid in attempt to help Germany through its troubled times.
283
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below were groups of experts with a specific mission? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
e
284
When was Guy's hospital founded and what was different about it?
1724. Different because founded by a local businessman, Thomas Guy, and not the Christian church.
285
In what year was the Washington naval agreement?
1922
286
What was the year and details of the Kaiser's second Naval law?
1900. Doubled the number of battleships to be built each year (to 38).
287
6. What was the Channel Theory based on and why?
The River Nile and the damage done to crops when irrigation channels became blocked.
288
In which country is Manchuria based?
China
289
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
290
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
291
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
292
What did Poland do in the Vilna incident?
Sent the Polish army to take control of the city, even though it was in Lithuania. Refused to remove the troops even after the League asked them to.
293
Why and how did embalming improve knowledge of anatomy in the Egyptian period?
Belief in the necessity of preparing dead bodies for the afterlife led to the removal of organs and their identification.
294
What was done with the land taken from Austria in the Treaty of St Germain?
Some of it was given to Italy and Romania. Some of it was used to create new countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
295
What was appeasement?
A British policy of giving Hitler a little of what he wanted in order to prevent a war.
296
Why might a person wear an abracadabra charm?
To ward off the plague
297
What was the outcome for Hitler at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
Germany left the League.
298
What has Versailles got to do with the Paris Peace Conference?
It was where the Paris Peace conference took place.
299
How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?
They were often conducted on animals not people.
300
What do the words Mein Kampf mean?
Book written by Hitler, title means 'My struggle'
301
Why is John Hunter famous in the History of medicine?
He was a famous army surgeon and later surgeon to King George III, he published helpful books such as 'On venereal disease' which he researched by operating on himself, he proved that gonorrhea ad syphilis were different diseases, he had a collection of 3000 preserved specimens including an Irish giant.
302
What did article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles state?
War guilt clause: Germany was to blaming for starting WW1
303
Where was the Rhineland and what happened to it as part of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
A strip of land which was part of Germany on the French/German border. It was demilitarised.
304
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write 'LON' or 'the League?'
'the League'
305
What started the Depression in 1929?
The Wall street Crash in America.
306
What were some of the things that Wilson wanted in his fourteen points?
No secret treaties, disarmament, self determination in the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish Empires, creation of an independent Poland, creation of the League of Nations.
307
Which country lost land in the Treaty of St Germain?
Austria
308
In what year was the 'Great stink' in London?
1858
309
Why was bleeding introduced as a treatment for any illnesses as a result of the 4 Humours theory?
Based on the four humours, doctors thought that they needed to reduce the blood in a patient’s body to make the better.
310
What was agreed in the Pact of Steel?
The armies of Italy, Japan and Germany would work together in any war that broke out.
311
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
312
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations for WW1?
£6,600 million
313
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
314
What did the Egyptians know about the function of key bodily organs?
Very little.
315
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
January 1933.
316
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
317
What was the book published by Vesalius called?
The Fabric of the Human Body.
318
Which two countries were the Aland Islands positioned between?
Sweden and Finland.
319
What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
A belief held by many Germans that at the end of WW1 they had not really lost but had been betrayed by their own leaders, namely the Weimar republic.
320
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
321
What bodily organs did the Egyptians know about?
The heart, liver, brain, lungs and blood.
322
What idea of Galen’s did Harvey prove wrong?
That blood was made in the liver to replace that which was burnt up by the body.
323
In what year and period did James Simpson discover the anaesthetic properties of chloroform?
1847 - industrial
324
What else about the Nazis impressed voters?
They were well organised and well funded.
325
In what month and year was the Wall Street Crash?
October 1929
326
What was Edwin Chadwick’s big discovery?
That high poor rate in some towns resulted from some people being too unwell to work due to poor living conditions.
327
What was the supernatural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
Evil spirits had got inside your body
328
What did the Kwantung army do after the Mukden incident?
They took over Manchuria.
329
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1400-1750
330
Why did Japan want Manchuria in 1931?
The Great Depression had ruined Japan's silk industry (America was a big customer), Manchuria had vast natural resources and good farmland, Japan already had factories, the South Manchurian railway and the Kwantung army in Manchuria.
331
How many Reichstag seats did the Nazis win in the July and November elections of 1932?
July: 230, November:196
332
How many book did Galen write?
Around 64.
333
What is Doctor Christiaan Barnard famous for?
Conducting the first human heart transplant in 1967.
334
What was agreed in the Locarno Treaties of 1925?
Germany officially accepted the borders of the Treaty of Versailles, all countries to work together peacefully, all countries to support another country if they were invaded.
335
What is ‘Mein Kampf?’
Hitler’s auto-biography written during his imprisonment. It stands for ‘My Struggle’ and details many of Hitler’s plans for Germany and his ideas on race etc.
336
What is significant about the city of Geneva in Switzerland?
It is where the League of Nations HQ was.
337
What happened in 1923 to change Hitler and the Nazis approach?
The Nazis were unsuccessful with the violent approach they had used in the Munich putsch and Hitler ended up in prison.
338
How many countries met to sign the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
65
339
In what year and period did the Black Death arrive in England?
1348 - Dark Ages
340
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
341
Who was Asclepios?
The Greek God of healing.
342
On what continent is Abyssinia?
Africa.
343
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
344
When was John of Aderne around?
In the Middle AGes.
345
How big was the League of Nations' army?
0, it didn't have one.
346
What are the years of the Industrial period?
1750-1900
347
Why didn't the League do more to help in the Vilna incident?
France wanted to be friendly with Poland as they might be a future ally against Germany. Britain did not want to act alone. Both of these countries therefore blocked any strong response from the League.
348
What were the types of treatments based on the four humours?
Bleeding and purgatives.
349
What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
There wasn’t one
350
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anschluss
351
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
352
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
353
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
354
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
355
Which of Hitler's foreign policy aims is not included in RUT?
destroy communism
356
What was agreed in the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
War would not be used as a way to settle disputes.
357
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
358
In what year did Crick and Watson publish their work on DNA?
1953
359
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
360
What does ‘Nazi’ stand for?
National Socialist German Worker’s party.
361
How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?
They were often conducted on animals not people.
362
Including colonies, how much territory in total did Germany lose after the Treaty of Versailles?
13%
