Learn all of these for masterful mock knowledge Flashcards
How much of its territories did Germany lose as part of the treaty of Versailles?
10%, including Alsace Lorraine which was returned to France.
In what year was the Dollfus affair?
1934
In what year and period did the NHS come into operation?
1948 - twentieth century
What and when was the ‘Red Rising’ in the Ruhr?
1920: A group of workers, led by Communists who were angry about pay and working conditions. They occupied the Ruhr region of Germany and took over its raw materials but were beaten by the German army and Friekorps/.
What approach did Hitler change to in 1924?
A political approach which aimed to take control of Germany through the democratic process and then change it into what the Nazis wanted.
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
Reparations - £6,600 million!
In what country was the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
America.
The Hoare-Laval Pact was never put into action. Why is it still significant in understanding about the invasion of Abyssinia?
It proved to the world that Britain and France were willing to undermine the League of Nations for their own self-interest.
Who tried to stop Germany when troops were sent into the Rhineland?
Nobody.
What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?
Detailed drawings of the human body.
How do the letters PTMM help you remember the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
P=pride, T=territory, M=money, M=military strength.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
Which two countries signed the Rapallo Treaty of 1922?
Germany and Russia.
What was the Egyptians’ natural response to illness?
The Channel Theory.
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
Why did Stalin of Russia make a deal with Hitler despite them being so different and Hitler hating Communists?
Stalin doubted the strength of the League, nobody stood up to Hitler over the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, he had been left out of the Munich agreement in 1938.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
Which country was given control of the Aland islands by the League?
Finland
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was comprised of 42 nations? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What was agreed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-22?
Britain and the USA could have the same sized navies and for every 5 tonnes each of their ships weighed, Japan could have 3 tonnes.
What is unusual about the League of Nations and America?
America proposed the creation of the League but did not join. This is because President Wilson was blocked by the Senate of his government.
What did Germany and Italy agree in the Rome-Berlin Axis?
They agreed that they would work more closely together in the future.
In what year did Japan launch a full scale invasion of China?
1937
In what year did Hitler achieve Anschluss with Austria?
1938
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
In what year did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
On what condition were the Aland islands granted to Finland in 1921?
Finland was not allowed to build military bases on the islands.
What did Hitler show off at the ‘Freedom to Rearm rally’ in 1935?
The weapons and troops he had been secretly building up.
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact push Britain closer to war?
Britain promised Poland that if Hitler invaded, they would declare war on Germany.
What did Stressemann do to solve the crisis?
Convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark (1 rentenmark replaced 1000 billion marks), and got Germany financial aid from overseas by co-organising…
Why did Hitler feel that he had to choose between the German army and the SA?
Because the army didn’t like Rohm and the SA whilst Rohm wanted command of the army. Hitler knew he needed the armies support to stay in charge.
What was the financial impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They were very expensive and by 1914 Germany was 5 billion marks in debt.
After the Abyssinia Crisis, Mussolini later said that if ………………. and ……………. had been banned he would have abandoned his invasion.
coal and oil.
How did the Roman army help to improve surgery?
Lots of wounded soldiers meant lots of practise for surgeons.
When did Germany invade Poland?
1st September 1939.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
How can the word LAMB help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
L=land, A=army, M=money, B=blame
What form of transport was at the centre of the Mukden incident?
A train of the Japanese owned South Manchurian railway.
What does the Suez Canal have to do with the invasion of Abyssinia?
Britain and France controlled this important trade route. They could have closed it to Italy which would have cut off the invasion. However they didn’t want to upset Mussolini in case they needed his help against Hitler.
What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?
To keep Germany strong for trade with Britain, gain German colonies for Britain, keep the Royal navy powerful, ensure Germany was a buffer against Russia communism.
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Britain in 1919.
What was the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?
60% of votes won by Germany. However, Poland did not accept this result so the area was divided up with rural areas going to Germany and industrial areas going to Poland.
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was its version of a civil service (the people who work for the government)? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
D
How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?
700
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
What was the Dawes plan?
The Dawes plan was proposed by American banker Charles Dawed in 1924. It gave economic relief to Germany by giving them a huge loan from America.
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Smallpox vaccination using cowpox
In what country would you have found the Sudetenland?
Czechoslovakia
In what year were these challenges for the League: invasion of Vilna, Aaland islands, Upper Silesia.
1921
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
What was unusual about the Anschluss plebiscite held in April 1938?
It was conducted AFTER the invasion of Austria by Nazi troops had already happened. Those voting were encouraged to vote ‘yes’ by Nazi stormtroopers and a bigger ‘yes’ circle on the voting slip.
Where was Upper Silesia?
In South Poland, close to the German/Polish border.
What would a doctor find that was useful in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna?
The medical properties of 760 different drugs and chapters on medical problems such as anorexia and obesity.
How did the Wall Street Crash impact other countries in the world?
The American economy entered a state of depression, this impacted all the countries that America traded with and/or had lent money to, such as Germany.
In what year did Italy invade Abyssinia?
1935?
What famous book did Avicenna write?
The Canon of Medicine
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany’s Navy and steel production was half that of Britain’s. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
Which country did the Rhineland belong to?
Germany.
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
What improved knowledge of anatomy in the Egyptian period?
Embalming.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met only once a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
What were the three main problems facing the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Industrialisation, socialism, democracy.
Why did some people oppose Edward Jenner’s vaccination?
They were worried about having animal matter injected into them.
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
What did Greece do to Bulgaria in 1925?
They invaded it after Greek soldiers had been killed on the Greek/Bulgarian border.
Who was Sekhmet?
The Egyptian Goddess of War who they believed also caused and cured epidemics.
What connects the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference?
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the outcomes from the Paris Peace Conference.
What is the earliest example of surgery we know about in the History of Medicine?
Trephinning.
What was Laissez-Faire?
A widely held belief at the start of the industrial period that it was not the job of government to try to improve public health.
When did Italy leave the League of Nations?
May 1936
-What were Koch’s three contributions towards discovering the causes of disease?
Solid medium, staining, method.
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
What are the different time periods in the History of medicine (in order please)?
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Dark Ages, Renaissance, Industrial period, 20th/21st centuries.
How did astrology impact medicine in the Middle Ages?
People started to think that the movement of the stars and the planets could explain illness or give the best time to conduct an operation.
Which time periods are sometimes summarised as the’ ‘Ancient World?’
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Romans
What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?
That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain’s.
How can the word BRAT help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B= blame, R = reparations, A= army, T=territory
What metal were Egyptian surgical instruments made from?
Bronze
What has CAR got to do with understanding about the vaccines that Louis Pasteur developed?
C = chicken cholera A = anthrax in sheep R = rabies in humans
What ‘five giants’ did William Beveridge want to beat in his report of 1942?
disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness, squalor (poor living conditions).
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
Who was George Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France in 1919
What did Russia and Germany agree when they signed the Rapallo Treaty in 1922?
Germany would return to Russia money and land that had been lost at the end of WW1. Also, both countries would try to cooperate more in the future.
Name the 4 humours.
Phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile.
What was the military impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
Encouraged war.
What was the Hippocratic collection?
A collection of books covering many aspects of medicine written by Hippocrates. They were used for centuries.
What was discussed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-11?
disarmament
In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?
1628- Renaissance
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
What was the Saar and what happened to it in the Treaty of Versailles?
An important industrial area of Germany. It was put under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years.
How did the League use trade sanctions to try to solve the Abyssinia Crisis?
Italy and Abyssinia were both banned from buying weapons. Italy however was able to continue buying oil, steel, coal and iron.
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
Why was Galen so popular with the Christian church?
He taught his students that the human body fitted together in a well designed whole. This suggested that a greater being (God) had designed the human body. That’s why Christians liked him.
Which countries signed the Anti-Comintern pact and what did they agree?
Germany and Japan. They agreed to work together against Communism.
Who were the SA?
The Sturm-Abteilung or stormtroopers. Hitler’s brown-shirted private army, commanded by Ernst Rohm.
Who was in the Pact of Steel?
Germany and Italy at first and then Japan in 1940.
What was allowed at Alexandria that helped improve knowledge of anatomy?
Dissection.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
Had Hitler always wanted war with Britain?
No, he suggested a 25 year non-aggression pact in 1936, but Britain refused.
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
How did the League deal with the Bulgaria situation of 1925?
Greece was condemned by the League, ordered to pay compensation to Bulgaria and withdraw their troops.
How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.
Who were the Nazis main rival political party during the Depression?
The Communists.
What was a supernatural treatment for illness in the Egyptian period?
Pray to Sekhmet
What did Britain, France and Italy agree in the Stresa Front?
Guarantee the terms of the Locarno Treaty, protect Austrian independence, work together to ensure Hitler stopped breaking the rules of the Treaty of Versailles,
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
What did Japan do when it was ordered to withdraw from Manchuria in February 1933?
Left the League of Nations instead.
What was a consequence of the Kaiser’s work to industrialise Germany?
Increased the gap between rich and poor and made the workers unhappy about their poor wages.
What did Harvey develop to help him prove how blood circulated around the body?
Think rods that could be pushed into veins to prove the direction of blood flow.
Why did the Greek’s believe in the 4 Humours theory?
It was based on their observations of the world, believing that there were four elements that made up everything, four seasons of the weather, and four humours inside the body.
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What does the word Bolshevism mean?
Another name for Communism in Russia.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What did George Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Revenge for French losses and damage in WW1, to cripple Germany militarily, money to rebuild, make France less vulnerable to future attack.
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
In a Christian church hospital of the Middle Ages, who would treat your illness?
Nobody. Christians believed God would cure you, they only made you comfortable and prayed for you.
What was Article 48?
Said that in an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
Who was Roosevelt (FDR)?
President of America for most of the 1930s.
What messages did Nazi propaganda give voters in 1932?
That Hitler was their last hope and that only the Nazis could save Germany from economic turmoil.
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
Which country wanted to invade Manchuria?
Japan
-When did John Snow discover the link between cholera and dirty water?
1854.
What was Dollfuss’ view of Anschluss?
He was opposed to it.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
What are alternative names for the industrial period?
The nineteenth century and the industrial revolution.
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
In what year were the Locarno Treaties?
1925
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
What did Rhazes achieve?
The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.
