Learn About “Make It Stick” Flashcards
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
How does variability in practice improve learning?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Practicing in the same setting is like rehearsing a play on an empty stage—when the real performance comes, you’ll struggle with distractions. Training in varied environments strengthens adaptability.
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening. Engaging in self-testing, teaching others, and applying knowledge in different contexts strengthens retention. Like learning to play an instrument, real skill comes from hands-on practice, not just reading about it.
The Power of Testing as Learning
How can testing yourself improve memorization?
Frequent testing isn’t just a way to assess knowledge.
Testing is like throwing yourself into deep water to learn how to swim—scary at first, but it forces adaptation. Stop midway through a song and try to recall what comes next before checking.
The Power of Testing as Learning
Frequent testing isn’t just a way to assess knowledge—it’s one of the most powerful ways to strengthen it. The act of retrieving answers strengthens memory more than passive review. Every time you test yourself, you reinforce the knowledge like adding layers to a painting.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
How can you embrace ‘desirable difficulties’ in your practice?
Learning that feels easy is often ineffective, while learning that requires effort is more likely to stick.
Instead of avoiding challenging passages, songs, or techniques—slow them down, isolate the problem, and gradually speed up. Think of it like rock climbing: each deliberate handhold strengthens your grip until you can scale musical mountains with ease.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Learning that feels easy is often ineffective, while learning that requires effort is more likely to stick. For example, undertaking challenging parts, struggling to recall, working with incomplete information, and practicing under varied conditions all strengthen neural pathways. Just like muscles grow through resistance, the brain grows through challenge.
The Role of Failure in Learning
Why is making mistakes essential for mastering fingerstyle guitar?
Carve out the mistakes to become the capable musician you’re creating.
A sculptor doesn’t create a masterpiece on the first try; they chip away, adjust, and refine until beauty emerges. Mistakes are not setbacks but stepping stones—each one reshapes your skillset, carving out the musician you’re becoming.
The Role of Failure in Learning
Mistakes and failures aren’t setbacks; they’re essential for growth because they force the brain to adapt. The key is to analyze and correct errors rather than repeat them mindlessly. Like falling off a bike, each mistake teaches balance and builds resilience.
What is elaboration in the learning process?
Elaboration involves linking new knowledge to what we already know, ensuring information sticks. It is likened to adding Velcro.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Why should you slow down difficult passages instead of avoiding them?
Avoiding tricky licks is like skipping leg day at the gym—you’re only building part of your strength. Slow the section down until you can play it cleanly, then gradually speed up.
How does The Generation Effect” foster conceptual understanding?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Learners must organize and integrate knowledge meaningfully when generating their own explanations.
Example: Explaining a music theory concept in your own words leads to deeper understanding.
True or False: Cramming is more effective than spaced repetition for long-term retention.
False
What are desirable difficulties in learning?
Learning that requires effort is more likely to stick compared to learning that feels easy.
Struggling to recall and working with incomplete information strengthen neural pathways.
The Illusion of Mastery
What is The Illusion of Mastery in learning?
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence, leading people to think they know something better than they do.
Fluency gives The Illusion of Mastery, It is like wandering toward a mirage in the desert. But real learning comes from struggling and applying knowledge.
True mastery comes from the ability to recall and apply knowledge, not just recognize it. Avoid the trap of passive review—test yourself instead.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
How does the “curse of knowledge” affect learning and teaching guitar?
It’s like climbing a tall ladder and forgetting what the first steps felt like. Advanced players may struggle to explain basic fingerpicking because they’ve long forgotten the difficulty of starting. Recognizing this helps us break concepts into simpler steps when teaching ourselves or others.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Why is struggling with difficult passages beneficial?
Struggle is like climbing a steep mountain—every step strengthens your ability to conquer it. Instead of skipping hard sections, slow them down and attempt them from memory.
What is the illusion of mastery?
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence about knowledge.
True mastery comes from the ability to recall and apply knowledge, not just recognize it.
What is meant by retrieval strength?
The act of generating information strengthens retrieval pathways, making it easier to access later.
Example: Practicing scales from memory ensures stronger recall than just following a chart.
The Illusion of Mastery
Why is playing along with a recording not the same as knowing a song?
Using cruthches creates a false sense of confidence, leading people to think they are doing better than they are.
Playing along with a track is like singing with a choir—you may feel confident, but take the other voices away, and you’re lost. Try performing the song without a backing track to ensure deep memorization.
The Illusion of Mastery
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence, leading people to think they know something better than they do. True mastery comes from the ability to recall and apply knowledge, not just recognize it. Avoid the trap of passive review—test yourself instead.
How does interleaving practice enhance learning?
Mixing different skills or topics in one practice session enhances learning by strengthening pattern recognition.
This leads to better adaptability and deeper understanding.
What does spaced repetition do for knowledge retention?
Spaced repetition allows knowledge to sink in and grow strong over time, like watering a plant just right. Overwatering drowns the roots.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
How does practicing multiple solos at once prevent forgetting?
This feels slower than focusing on one thing at a time, but it leads to better adaptability and deeper understanding.
Learning only one song at a time is like filling one shelf in a library—you recognize that one book but struggle to place others. Rotating solos strengthens overall musical recall.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
Mixing different skills or topics in one practice session enhances learning by strengthening pattern recognition. This feels slower than focusing on one thing at a time, but it leads to better adaptability and deeper understanding. It’s like training in different sports instead of just one—you become more versatile and resilient.
How can you avoid the illusion of fluency in fingerstyle learning?
Close the book and try playing without looking. It’s like walking a path in the dark—at first, you stumble, but with practice, you learn every step by feel, making the path second nature.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Why is it better to struggle through a new fingerstyle technique rather than only playing what’s easy?
Learning that feels easy is often ineffective.
Mastery isn’t built on smooth roads but on rocky, uneven paths that challenge you to find balance. If you only play what feels comfortable, you’re walking on flat ground—no endurance, no growth. But when you take on difficult techniques, your fingers gain strength and precision, much like a hiker who develops powerful legs by climbing steep trails.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Learning that feels easy is often ineffective, while learning that requires effort is more likely to stick. Struggling to recall, working with incomplete information, and practicing under varied conditions all strengthen neural pathways. Just like muscles grow through resistance, the brain grows through challenge.
What’s a good way to “test” your fingerstyle progress regularly?
Play without looking at your hands, record a “one-take” performance, or play for a friend. It’s like stress-testing a bridge—you’ll find the weak spots and reinforce them before facing a real audience.
The Role of Failure in Learning
Why should you record yourself playing from memory?
Mistakes and failures aren’t setbacks; they’re essential for growth because they force the brain to adapt.
Recording is like holding up a mirror—it reveals what you truly know and what still needs work. Listen back to pinpoint where memory gaps occur.
The Role of Failure in Learning
The key is to analyze and correct errors rather than repeat them mindlessly. Like falling off a bike, each mistake teaches balance and builds resilience.
The Power of Testing as Learning
How does teaching fingerstyle to others improve your own skills?
Frequent testing isn’t just a way to assess knowledge—it’s one of the most powerful ways to strengthen it.
A lighthouse guides ships safely to shore, but in shining its light for others, it also strengthens its own foundation. Teaching forces you to clarify and solidify what you know, making your understanding stronger and more resistant to gaps.
The Power of Testing as Learning
Frequent testing isn’t just a way to assess knowledge—it’s one of the most powerful ways to strengthen it. Every time you test yourself, you reinforce the knowledge like adding layers to a painting.
What is the benefit of active learning?
Improves motivation and focus by allowing learners to take an active role in their learning process.
Example: Creating your own fingerstyle exercise based on a melody helps develop true expertise.
What is the impact of multitasking on learning?
Multitasking is ineffective and frustrating, akin to juggling with broken hands.
Focused attention is crucial for deep learning.
What is the “curse of knowledge,” and how does it affect teaching?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
The curse of knowledge is like trying to explain color to someone who has always been blind—you forget what it was like to see for the first time. Effective teaching requires stepping into the learner’s shoes.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
The Role of Failure in Learning
How does recording yourself reveal memory gaps?
Like falling off a bike, each mistake teaches balance and builds resilience.
Listening to your own playing is like proofreading your writing—you catch mistakes you didn’t notice in the moment. Record a solo and critique which sections need work.
Mistakes and failures aren’t setbacks; they’re essential for growth because they force the brain to adapt. The key is to analyze and correct errors rather than repeat them mindlessly. Like falling off a bike, each mistake teaches balance and builds resilience.
How can you use peer teaching to enhance your fingerstyle mastery?
Explain techniques to a friend, record a tutorial, or teach a beginner. It’s like tuning a guitar—helping someone else find the right pitch fine-tunes your own skills.
Spaced Repetition Over Cramming
Why is massed or block practice (cramming) ineffective?
Spaced Repetition study sessions over days or weeks improves retention far more than cramming.
Cramming is like gorging on food—you feel full for a moment, but your body can’t digest everything properly. Learning, like nutrition, requires time to absorb and process for long-term benefits.
Spaced Repetition works because the brain strengthens connections when it has to reconstruct knowledge after some forgetting has set in. Think of it as watering a plant in intervals—it thrives when given time to absorb rather than being drowned all at once.
What is metacognition?
Metacognition is thinking about our thinking, helping us recognize gaps and correct errors.
It acts as a rearview mirror in learning.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
What role does “desirable difficulty” play in effective learning?
Learning that feels easy is often ineffective, while learning that requires effort is more likely to stick.
Learning that feels easy is like lifting a feather at the gym—it gives the illusion of progress but builds no real strength. Struggle, like lifting weights, signals growth and rewires your brain for long-term gains.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Struggling to recall, working with incomplete information, and practicing under varied conditions all strengthen neural pathways. Just like muscles grow through resistance, the brain grows through challenge.
Why is struggling through a difficult fingerpicking pattern better than playing something easy?
Just like wet cement needs time to set properly before it becomes strong, struggling through a tough pattern forces your fingers and brain to carve deep, lasting grooves. If you only play what feels easy, it’s like drying cement too fast—it may seem smooth but will crack under pressure.
How can you develop a well-rounded approach to learning fingerstyle?
Mix visual (tabs, videos), auditory (learning by ear), and kinesthetic (feeling your way through patterns) methods. It’s like cooking—you wouldn’t rely only on smell; you use taste, sight, and texture to perfect the dish.
What is the significance of testing in learning?
Testing is essential for knowledge to emerge sharp and unbreakable, similar to forging a sword.
Quizzes and self-assessments are part of this process.
How does practicing in different environments improve retention?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Practicing only in one spot is like learning to dance on one floor—you might stumble elsewhere. Play in different rooms, with different amps, or even standing up to reinforce memory.
Why is a growth mindset essential for mastering fingerstyle guitar?
A sailor lost at sea finds direction with a compass. A growth mindset is that compass in learning—it points you toward persistence, practice, and belief in improvement, ensuring you don’t drift into frustration and self-doubt.
How does mixing different fingerstyle techniques in a single practice session help?
It’s like a full-body workout instead of just doing bicep curls. Switching between fingerpicking patterns, percussive slaps, and harmonics forces your brain to adapt, making you more flexible and creative.
What are desirable difficulties?
Desirable difficulties refer to challenges that enhance learning and build endurance. They are compared to hiking a steep trail.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
The Power of Retrieval
How does mixing retrieval methods enhance retention?
Using multiple recall methods is like sharpening a sword on different stones—it refines the edge from different angles, making memory retrieval stronger and more versatile.
What does ‘Make Learning Active, Not Passive’ mean?
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening.
Engaging in self-testing and applying knowledge strengthens retention.
The Generation Effect
How does The Generation Effect” enhance long-term retention?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
By encoding information more effectively when learners generate answers or solutions rather than just reading them.
Example: Trying to recall a guitar chord shape before looking it up strengthens memory.
What does contextual interference refer to?
Contextual interference strengthens learning by enduring challenges and interruptions.
It is compared to a tree growing strong through storms.
The Illusion of Mastery
Why is passive repetition (like mindless noodling) ineffective for memorizing fingerstyle pieces?
Repeating a song without active engagement is like walking the same path blindfolded—you may cover ground, but you won’t know how to navigate without the crutch of repetition. Instead, play a section, step away, and try to recall it from memory.
The Illusion of Mastery
Why does playing along with a track give a false sense of mastery?
Playing with a backing track is like riding a bike with someone holding the seat—it feels stable, but take it away and you wobble. Try playing a song completely solo to test your real recall.
The Role of Failure in Learning
How can making mistakes on purpose improve memory?
Intentionally playing wrong notes is like testing a bridge’s weak points—you learn where structural reinforcements are needed. Experiment with deliberate mistakes, then correct them.
Why is passive learning (just watching videos) ineffective for mastering fingerstyle guitar?
Reading about pottery won’t make you a potter—you have to shape the clay yourself. The same goes for guitar; true learning comes from hands-on practice, where you mold techniques through trial and adjustment.
What is the power of testing as a learning tool?
Frequent testing strengthens memory more than passive review.
The act of retrieving answers reinforces knowledge.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
How can learning multiple pieces at once strengthen musical memory?
Mixing different skills or topics in one practice session.
Rotating between different pieces is like learning multiple languages—it sharpens pattern recognition and prevents dependence on muscle memory alone. Alternate between songs within a single practice session.
Mixing different skills or topics in one practice session enhances learning by strengthening pattern recognition. This feels slower than focusing on one thing at a time, but it leads to better adaptability and deeper understanding. It’s like training in different sports instead of just one—you become more versatile and resilient.
How does performing a song in front of others test your skills?
A sword isn’t battle-ready until it’s been forged in fire and tested for strength. Playing for others, even in low-stakes settings, reveals weak points and builds confidence. The pressure refines your technique, just as fire tempers steel.
What’s a simple way to apply The Generation Effect” in your practice?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Before checking the tab, listen closely to a piece and try to pick out the bass notes or melody by ear. It’s like sketching a blueprint before building a house—figuring out the framework first makes the final structure more solid and memorable.
Their research demonstrated that actively generating information, rather than passively receiving it, leads to better memory retention.
How does rewriting a song in a different key or tuning improve retention?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Reworking a song in a new key is like translating a poem into another language—it forces deeper comprehension. Try playing a familiar tune in DADGAD or another tuning to cement it in memory.
Why does practicing under different conditions improve your playing?
A tree that grows in constant sunlight has weak roots, but one that endures storms develops deep, unshakable strength. If you only practice in perfect conditions, unexpected challenges—like stage nerves or noisy environments—can shake your confidence.
Why is reflecting on your practice sessions just as important as playing?
A jeweler doesn’t just carve a diamond; they polish it to reveal its brilliance. Reflection helps you refine your skills, identify mistakes, and reinforce what you’ve learned, ensuring that raw effort transforms into true expertise.
The Power of Retrieval
What is the most effective method for learning according to ‘Make It Stick’?
Learning is most effective when we struggle to recall information rather than passively reviewing it.
Retrieval practice strengthens memory by forcing the brain to reconstruct knowledge, making it more durable over time.
What is the The Generation Effect” effect?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
A cognitive phenomenon where actively generating information enhances memory and understanding more than passively receiving it.
It engages deeper cognitive processes that promote retention and mastery.
How can you overcome the curse of knowledge when learning or teaching fingerstyle?
Think back to when you struggled with a technique and break it down for your past self. Teaching a beginner, even if it’s just explaining to yourself, forces you to clarify your own understanding—like retracing your steps in a deep forest so you never lose your way again.
Why should you explain a solo’s structure out loud?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Teaching is like translating a language—you can’t explain what you don’t fully understand. Describe a solo’s scale, phrasing, and techniques to ensure deeper retention.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
How can you apply contextual learning to fingerstyle guitar?
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening.
Practice in different rooms, with distractions, at various volumes, or even outside. It’s like a tree growing in strong winds—learning to withstand different conditions makes your playing more resilient.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening. Engaging in self-testing, teaching others, and applying knowledge in different contexts strengthens retention. Like learning to play an instrument, real skill comes from hands-on practice, not just reading about it.
Why is it important to engage multiple senses when memorizing a song?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Learning music using only your fingers is like memorizing a painting by touch—it misses key details. Sing melodies, visualize chord shapes, and feel the rhythm internally to reinforce memory.
How can one practice ear training effectively?
Transcribe melodies and bass lines by ear instead of relying solely on tabs.
This develops listening skills and musical comprehension.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
What is interleaving, and why does it improve skill acquisition?
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
Mixing different skills or topics in one practice session enhances learning by strengthening pattern recognition.
Interleaving is like learning to juggle different-colored balls instead of tossing one up and down. Switching between skills forces your brain to recognize patterns and adapt, making learning more flexible and resilient.
This feels slower than focusing on one thing at a time, but it leads to better adaptability and deeper understanding. It’s like training in different sports instead of just one—you become more versatile and resilient.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
What is said about learning styles in ‘Make It Stick’?
People don’t learn better through one preferred style; rather, learning is strongest when it engages multiple senses.
Effective learners adapt to different methods and mix approaches.
What is the analogy used to describe effortful learning?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Learning is like pouring concrete; struggling with material strengthens connections in the brain. If the concrete dries too quickly, it cracks and crumbles, similar to how easy learning does not solidify knowledge.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Why do we remember songs with stories better than abstract exercises?
Facts and drills often slip away, but a good story sneaks into your memory like the Trojan Horse, planting melodies and rhythms deep inside your mind. Songs with meaning are easier to recall than random patterns.
The Power of Retrieval
Why should you practice licks without looking at tab?
Relying on tab is like keeping training wheels on a bike forever—it prevents true independence. Play a lick, close your eyes, and visualize where your fingers should go before playing it again.
Why should you sometimes play faster than normal?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Pushing the tempo is like sprinting in training—though it feels sloppy, it builds reflexes. Play a lick at 110% speed, then return to normal tempo; the original pace will feel easier.
What’s a practical way to use spaced repetition in fingerstyle guitar?
Rotate through songs or techniques throughout the week rather than cramming one in a single sitting. It’s like training different muscles—you build balanced strength rather than exhausting one area.
Fill in the blank: Mistakes are essential for ______ because they force the brain to adapt.
[growth]
How does testing yourself on fingerstyle pieces help retain them better?
Learning fingerstyle without retrieval is like tossing knowledge into the ocean without a fishing line—you won’t be able to pull it back when you need it. By testing yourself (playing from memory), you repeatedly cast your line, ensuring you can retrieve skills whenever the music calls for them.
What is the benefit of varied practice?
Varied practice turns knowledge into a Swiss Army knife, making it adaptable and flexible.
It is more effective than practicing one skill in isolation.
How does making connections between fingerstyle techniques improve learning?
Ideas that stand alone slip away like smooth marbles, but when we attach new knowledge to what we already know—like relating Travis picking to classical arpeggios—it’s like adding Velcro, making everything stick together for quicker recall.
Why should you visualize playing a solo without your guitar?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Mental practice is like rehearsing lines for a play—you strengthen recall before performing. Close your eyes and imagine your fingers moving through a solo before physically playing it.
Why does fingerstyle mastery take years rather than days?
Mastery isn’t a sudden flood that sweeps over you—it’s a glacier, moving slowly but shaping the landscape forever. True skill builds layer by layer, through persistent effort over months and years, not through a weekend of frantic practice.
How is mastery described in the learning context?
Mastery builds gradually, like a glacier, rather than rushing in like a flood.
It shapes landscapes of deep understanding over time.
What is active learning compared to?
Active learning is like shaping clay on a pottery wheel, requiring hands-on effort and adjustments.
It contrasts with passive reading.
Spaced Repetition Over Cramming
Why is cramming an entire solo in one session a poor strategy?
Learning a solo all at once is like trying to drink from a firehose—you’ll catch some notes, but most will be lost in the flood. Break it into small licks and revisit them over time.
Mental Models and Meaningful Learning
How does visualization reinforce musical memory?
Visualizing playing a piece without touching the guitar is like rehearsing a speech in your head—it deepens familiarity. Close your eyes and mentally “play” the song before performing it.
The Illusion of Mastery
What is the difference between rote memorization and meaningful learning?
Rote memorization is like copying words into sand, easily washed away by time. Meaningful learning is like chiseling into stone, each connection making the knowledge more enduring and unshakable.
Why should fingerstyle guitarists avoid relying solely on their “preferred learning style”?
Learning isn’t about finding a magical key that fits only one lock—it’s about mastering a full set of tools. If you only learn through watching videos but never experiment by ear or feel, you limit yourself. A true musician embraces multiple approaches, just as a locksmith learns to pick, carve, and mold keys to open any door.
What is the analogy used for learning that connects to building knowledge?
Learning is like building a house—solid foundations and strong connections create a lasting structure.
Knowledge sticks best when it connects to what we already know.
How can you make failure a productive part of your guitar learning?
Instead of getting frustrated when you hit a wrong note, treat every mistake as feedback. Slow down, analyze what went wrong, and fix it. It’s like debugging software—the errors tell you exactly where to improve so the program (your playing) runs smoothly.
The Power of Retrieval
How does retrieval practice strengthen musical memory?
Learning is most effective when we struggle to recall information rather than passively reviewing it.
Retrieval is like sculpting—each time you recall a passage from memory, you refine the details and deepen the grooves in your neural pathways. Play a section, then try to visualize and “air play” it before returning to the guitar.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
What’s a good way to eliminate distractions during practice?
Create a dedicated, distraction-free space for practice—turn off notifications, close your eyes to feel the strings, and immerse yourself in the music. It’s like sharpening a blade; the more precise your attention, the sharper your skills.
The Illusion of Mastery
Why is playing a song smoothly right after reading the tab misleading?
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence.
It’s like seeing an oasis in the desert—you think you’ve reached mastery, but it’s just an illusion. True mastery comes when you can play it without the tab, under pressure, and with musical expression.
The Illusion of Mastery
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence, leading people to think they know something better than they do. True mastery comes from the ability to recall and apply knowledge, not just recognize it. Avoid the trap of passive review—test yourself instead.
How does learning a solo in a different key reinforce memory?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Transposing a solo is like rewriting a poem in a new language—it forces a deeper grasp of the structure. Try shifting a lick up or down the fretboard to lock it in long-term memory.
What role does reflection play in learning?
Reflection helps examine and refine knowledge, transforming raw information into wisdom. It acts as a polishing cloth for the mind.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
How can you develop a growth mindset in guitar practice?
When you hit a plateau, see it as a puzzle, not a wall. Instead of saying, “I’ll never get this,” reframe it: “I haven’t mastered it yet.” Each challenge is a new island to explore, not an end to your journey.
Fill in the blank: Learning is most effective when we struggle to ______ information.
[recall]
Why should learners embrace uncertainty and complexity?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Learning is like navigating a stormy sea—you won’t always have a map, but by adapting to the waves, you develop intuition and resilience. Real-world problems are rarely clear-cut.
How do mental models aid in learning?
Knowledge sticks best when new information connects to what we already know.
Understanding relationships and structures is crucial for effective learning.
The Illusion of Mastery
Why is playing a riff over and over without thinking ineffective for memorization?
Learning is most effective when we struggle to recall information rather than passively reviewing it.
Mindlessly repeating a riff is like tracing the same line with a dull pencil—each pass adds nothing new. Instead, stop and try to recall it from memory. The act of struggling to retrieve strengthens the neural pathway.
The Power of Retrieval
Why should you practice without looking at the tab or notation?
Tabs are like training wheels—they help at first, but true mastery comes from letting go. Try playing a section from memory, even if you struggle. The act of recalling strengthens long-term retention.
What metaphor is used to describe a growth mindset?
A growth mindset is like a compass that points toward persistence and effort in learning.
It helps prevent drifting into self-doubt.
How can you use elaboration to deepen your understanding of fingerstyle?
When learning a new technique, ask yourself: How does this connect to what I already know? If you’ve played a clawhammer banjo roll before, linking it to a thumb-led blues groove strengthens both. It’s like weaving a net—the more knots you tie between ideas, the stronger it holds.
How does failure contribute to understanding?
Failure helps refine and reshape understanding, much like a sculptor chiseling a block of stone. True understanding emerges through errors and adjustments.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
What’s a practical way to practice metacognition in fingerstyle learning?
After each session, ask yourself: “What worked? What needs improvement? What’s my next step?” It’s like tuning your instrument—regular adjustments keep everything in harmony.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Why is effortful learning more effective than easy learning?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Easy learning is like writing in sand—the impression fades quickly. Effortful learning is like carving in stone; the struggle etches the knowledge deep into your mind, making it permanent.
Learning is most effective when we struggle to recall information rather than passively reviewing it.
How can you add productive interference to your guitar practice?
Practice with distractions—play in different rooms, with background noise, or even with the lights off. It’s like training in rough waters so you can swim effortlessly in calm seas.
How do emotions affect learning?
Emotions infuse material with meaning, helping learning stick like indelible ink on memory.
Vivid memories are often tied to strong emotions.
The Power of Retrieval
Why is retrieval practice more effective than rereading?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Retrieval practice is like forging a path through a dense forest—each time you walk it, the trail becomes clearer and easier to navigate. Rereading, in contrast, is like staring at a map, mistaking recognition for true knowledge. Your brain strengthens neural connections by reconstructing information, not just revisiting it.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
What is the concept of overlearning?
Overlearning involves going beyond mastery, ensuring knowledge remains vivid and durable.
It is like adding extra coats of paint to a wall.
Mental Models and Meaningful Learning
How can learners create strong mental models?
Building mental models is like constructing a house—each new concept is a brick, and the stronger the foundation of prior knowledge, the more stable and useful the structure becomes.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
How can stepping away from the guitar improve memorization?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Walking away from your guitar is like letting dough rise—giving the brain time to consolidate information makes it stronger. Visualize finger placements before picking up the instrument again.
What is the benefit of spaced repetition over cramming?
Spacing out study sessions over days or weeks improves retention far more than cramming.
The brain strengthens connections when it has to reconstruct knowledge after some forgetting has set in.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
What is a recommended activity for improving fingerstyle guitar mastery?
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening.
Generate your own arrangements instead of learning only pre-made fingerstyle arrangements. This encourages creativity and deeper understanding of the music.
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening. Engaging in self-testing, teaching others, and applying knowledge in different contexts strengthens retention. Like learning to play an instrument, real skill comes from hands-on practice, not just reading about it.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you explain a song’s structure out loud?
Teaching a piece to an imaginary student is like tying a knot—it forces you to secure loose ends. Describe the chord progressions, patterns, and finger placements aloud.
Why is it useful to figure out a fingerpicking pattern before looking at the tab?
If you always rely on a bridge someone else built, you never learn how to construct your own. Trying to work out a pattern by ear or intuition forces your brain to make connections, much like laying down stepping stones to cross a river. The effort may feel slow, but it builds a stronger foundation for future learning.
Why shouldn’t you practice one song for hours in a single session?
If you overwater a plant in one day and forget it for the rest of the week, it won’t thrive. Instead, spacing out your practice allows knowledge to take root deeply and flourish over time.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you switch between different rhythms and variations of a piece?
Changing a song’s rhythm is like rewriting a story in different styles—it forces deeper engagement with the material. Try fingerpicking a section in a swung feel or arpeggiating chords differently to reinforce memory.
What role do mistakes play in learning?
Mistakes and failures are essential for growth because they force the brain to adapt.
Analyzing and correcting errors helps in learning, rather than repeating them mindlessly.
What metaphor describes the power of stories in learning?
Stories act like a Trojan Horse, sneaking knowledge past the mind’s defenses.
They help facts stay in memory.
Why is multitasking harmful when practicing fingerstyle guitar?
Trying to learn while texting, watching TV, or thinking about dinner is like juggling with broken hands—you’ll drop everything. Deep focus is key to mastering intricate finger movements and building strong muscle memory.
The Illusion of Mastery
What is the “illusion of mastery,” and how can it hinder learning?
Learning is most effective when we struggle to recall information rather than passively reviewing it.
The illusion of mastery is like skating on thin ice—you feel confident until the surface gives way. Familiarity tricks the mind into thinking it understands, but without active recall, the knowledge lacks depth and collapses under pressure.
The Illusion of Mastery
Familiarity with material creates a false sense of confidence, leading people to think they know something better than they do. True mastery comes from the ability to recall and apply knowledge, not just recognize it. Avoid the trap of passive review—test yourself instead.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why is “elaboration” a powerful learning strategy?
How does “elaboration” help with memory?
“Elaboration” is like weaving a tapestry—each new thread (idea) is linked to previous ones, making the fabric of knowledge richer and harder to unravel.
Memory is not a filing cabinet but a spiderweb of meaning—the more strands (connections) you spin, the stronger and more unbreakable your web of understanding becomes.
How does The Generation Effect” aid in learning?
The term “The Generation Effect”” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
“The Generation Effect” involves trying to recall or solve before learning the answer, creating sturdy mental pathways. It is like constructing stepping stones to cross a river.
Their research demonstrated that actively generating information, rather than passively receiving it, leads to better memory retention.
What does deep processing in the context of The Generation Effect” involve?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Engagement with material at a deeper level, leading to stronger neural connections.
Example: Writing a summary of a song’s structure forces you to synthesize information.
What’s a good way to apply overlearning in fingerstyle guitar?
Once you can play a song correctly, keep refining it—add dynamics, experiment with tone, and play it under pressure. It’s like sculpting a statue; the more you refine, the more lifelike it becomes.
How does starting in different places within a song improve recall?
Always starting from the beginning is like only knowing how to enter a house through the front door. Jump to different sections and start playing from memory to build confidence.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
How does interleaving help with fingerstyle fluency?
Practicing the same song straight through is like lifting the same weight every day—you plateau. Instead, mix up songs, techniques, and tunings to build a more adaptable memory.
How can you embrace the slow journey to mastery?
Track small wins, stay patient, and enjoy the process. Instead of expecting overnight perfection, focus on steady growth—one clean hammer-on today, a smoother transition tomorrow. It’s like growing a tree; the deeper the roots, the stronger the branches.
How can thinking about your own playing help you improve?
Driving without a rearview mirror is dangerous—you can’t see past mistakes or adjust your course. Metacognition, or thinking about how you learn, acts as that mirror, helping you recognize weaknesses and fine-tune your approach.
Why are self-generated materials more memorable?
They are more personally meaningful, making them easier to remember.
Example: Composing a short fingerstyle piece based on a new technique makes the technique more memorable.
Why should you avoid playing mistakes on autopilot?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Repeating mistakes is like carving a crack into stone—it only deepens over time. If you mess up, pause, correct the error in your mind first, and then try again.
How does starting at different points in a song improve recall?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. t
Always starting from the beginning is like trying to find your way home from only one landmark. Jump to different sections of a song to strengthen recall from multiple entry points.
What role does metacognition play in The Generation Effect”?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Generation forces learners to assess what they know versus what they need to work on, leading to better self-regulated learning.
Example: Attempting to transcribe a melody by ear highlights areas of improvement in ear training.
How can you ensure fingerpicking patterns truly “set” in your muscle memory?
Instead of playing on autopilot, slow down, analyze mistakes, and refine your touch. Imagine sculpting a masterpiece in wet clay—rushing leads to sloppy shapes, but deliberate effort ensures precision and durability.
The Power of Retrieval
Why is it better to recall music from memory rather than replaying mistakes?
Playing mistakes repeatedly is like reinforcing a crack in a wall—it only deepens the flaw. If you mess up, pause and visualize the correct passage before trying again.
What’s a good way to apply varied practice to fingerstyle guitar?
Instead of drilling one pattern for an hour, cycle through three or four techniques in a session. It’s like cross-training for an athlete—each skill strengthens the others, making you a more well-rounded musician.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
Why should you perform for others before you feel ready?
Waiting until you’re “ready” to perform is like waiting for perfect weather to set sail—you’ll never leave the harbor. Play in front of friends or record yourself to strengthen recall under pressure.
How can you use storytelling to enhance your fingerstyle playing?
Think of every piece as a story. Even an instrumental tells an emotional journey—use dynamics, timing, and tone to narrate it. It’s like acting without words; your fingers become storytellers on the strings.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
How can you make your guitar practice more active?
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening.
Challenge yourself to learn by ear, experiment with variations, and apply new techniques to your own arrangements. It’s like cooking—following a recipe is helpful, but real mastery comes when you start creating your own flavors.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Effective learning comes from doing, not just watching or listening. Engaging in self-testing, teaching others, and applying knowledge in different contexts strengthens retention. Like learning to play an instrument, real skill comes from hands-on practice, not just reading about it.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you perform a song before you feel fully ready?
The Role of Failure in Learning: Mistakes and failures aren’t setbacks; they’re essential for growth because they force the brain to adapt.
Waiting for perfection is like waiting for the “perfect” time to start exercising—you’ll never begin. Play in front of a friend or record yourself to solidify memory under pressure.
Frequent testing isn’t just a way to assess knowledge—it’s one of the most powerful ways to strengthen it.
What does retrieval practice resemble?
Retrieval practice is like fishing; actively recalling information is necessary to keep knowledge accessible. Regularly casting your line increases your ability to catch what you need.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
What is one practical strategy for applying The Generation Effect”?
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Self-Testing: Regularly test yourself instead of relying on notes or videos.
Other strategies include explaining concepts aloud and creating instead of copying.
Why do emotional connections make fingerstyle pieces easier to remember?
Think of your most vivid memories—chances are, they’re tied to strong emotions. Music that stirs feelings etches itself into your memory like ink soaking into paper, making recall easier than a dry exercise.
Why should you practice different fingerstyle techniques instead of just one?
If you only sharpen one blade of a Swiss Army knife, the others stay dull. Mixing up your practice—alternating between Travis picking, percussive slaps, and classical tremolo—keeps all your skills sharp and ready for any musical challenge.
The Role of Failure in Learning
How does failure contribute to deep learning?
Failure is like breaking an arrow before learning to shoot—each mistake teaches you something crucial about aim, tension, and technique. True mastery is built on lessons learned from misfires.
Fill in the blank: True mastery comes from the ability to ______ and apply knowledge.
[recall]
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you occasionally practice a song at double speed or half speed?
Changing tempo is like looking at a sculpture from different angles—it forces new insights. Playing fast improves reaction time; playing slow reveals nuances and weak spots.
The Power of Retrieval
How do testing and quizzes function as learning tools, not just assessment tools?
Tests are not final exams; they are sparring matches before the big fight. They strengthen memory like a boxer training with resistance, preparing you for real challenges.
What’s an effective way to reflect on your fingerstyle progress?
After each practice session, record yourself, then listen back while taking notes on what needs improvement. It’s like looking at your reflection in a mirror—you see what’s out of place and can fix it before stepping on stage.
Why is it important to practice fingerstyle guitar in different settings?
A chameleon doesn’t stay the same color in every environment—it adapts to new surroundings. If you only practice in one perfect setting (like your quiet bedroom), your skills might not transfer well to a noisy stage or outdoor gig. Training in varied conditions makes you a more adaptable musician.
Fill in the blank: To enhance learning, one should ______ concepts aloud.
explain
Teaching or explaining ideas in your own words reinforces understanding.
Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning
What role does “metacognition” play in learning?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Metacognition is like being both the pilot and air traffic controller—you’re not just flying the plane but monitoring your route, fuel, and weather conditions, ensuring smooth and efficient learning.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Why should you keep practicing a song after you’ve “learned” it?
Stopping once you’ve “got it” is like painting a wall once and assuming it’ll never fade. Overlearning—going beyond basic mastery—adds extra coats of polish, ensuring your skills stay vivid and durable over time.
What is the curse of knowledge?
The curse of knowledge refers to experts forgetting how hard it was to learn something.
This recognition helps improve teaching and learning.
The Power of Retrieval
What is the benefit of The Generation Effect” in learning?
Generation is like searching for firewood before lighting a fire—by struggling to produce an answer first, you prepare your brain to ignite understanding when the correct information arrives.
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
Their research demonstrated that actively generating information, rather than passively receiving it, leads to better memory retention.
What is interleaving in the context of learning?
Interleaving is mixing different topics or skills in one session, forcing the brain to work harder. It is analogous to a well-rounded workout regimen.
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. “Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
Interleaving for Deeper Mastery
How does interleaving different techniques improve mastery?
Practicing the same scale repeatedly is like running the same drill in basketball—you might master it in isolation, but struggle in a real game. Switch between scales, solos, and rhythm playing to build flexibility.
What does peer teaching illustrate in learning?
Peer teaching shines a light on what we truly understand, illuminating knowledge and blind spots.
It is likened to a lighthouse guiding ships.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you engage multiple senses while learning?
Relying only on finger memory is like trying to remember a song without hearing it—one-dimensional and unreliable. Sing the melody, feel the pick attack, and visualize the fretboard while playing.
Spaced Repetition Over Cramming
How does spaced repetition enhance learning?
Spaced Repetition Over Cramming
Spacing out study sessions over days or weeks improves retention far more than cramming.
Spaced repetition is like watering a plant in intervals—giving the roots time to absorb moisture and grow deeper. If you flood the soil all at once (cramming), the water runs off, and little is retained.
This works because the brain strengthens connections when it has to reconstruct knowledge after some forgetting has set in. Think of it as watering a plant in intervals—it thrives when given time to absorb rather than being drowned all at once.
How does reflection enhance retention?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Reflection is like looking in a rearview mirror—by revisiting experiences and connecting them to broader concepts, you steer your learning with greater control and insight.
“Make It Stick” is international bestseller that has helped millions of students, teachers, and lifelong learners use proven approaches to learn better and remember longer.
True or False: Engaging in problem-solving without seeking immediate solutions is a strategy for applying The Generation Effect”.
The term “generation effect” was coined by cognitive psychologists Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in their seminal 1978 study, “The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon.”
True
This approach encourages deeper engagement with the material.
The Power of Retrieval
How does stopping mid-song and recalling the next note improve learning?
This technique is like solving a puzzle instead of just looking at the picture—you force your brain to actively retrieve and reinforce memory. Stop mid-riff and predict the next note before playing it.
What’s a good interleaving practice routine?
Instead of repeating the same arpeggio for an hour, mix Travis picking, flamenco rasgueado, and classical tremolo within the same session. This keeps your mind engaged and builds versatile fingerstyle chops.
How can you use emotions to improve your fingerstyle playing?
Choose pieces that resonate with you or connect a melody to a personal memory. Play it as if telling a story, not just plucking notes—it’s like painting with sound, each phrase a brushstroke of feeling.
What’s a good way to incorporate retrieval practice into daily fingerstyle training?
Instead of relying on tabs every time, challenge yourself to recall a piece from memory. Think of it like sharpening a blade—the more you test its edge, the sharper and more reliable it becomes in performance.
What does contextual learning refer to?
Contextual learning is when knowledge sticks best in varied contexts, adapting to real-world situations.
It is compared to a chameleon changing colors.
The Limits of Learning Styles
What is the myth of learning styles?
Learning is a universal lock that opens best with proper strategies.
The myth of learning styles suggests there is a perfect fit for each person, but evidence-based strategies are more effective.
The Limits of Learning Styles
People don’t learn better through one “preferred” style (visual, auditory, kinesthetic); rather, learning is strongest when it engages multiple senses and challenges the brain. The most effective learners adapt to different methods and mix approaches. Engaging deeply with material matters more than how it is initially presented.
Make Learning Active, Not Passive
Why should you play a song using different phrasing and articulation?
Playing a riff with varied phrasing is like saying the same sentence with different emotions—it deepens your understanding. Try changing vibrato, bends, or picking dynamics to reinforce memory.
The Power of Retrieval
How do pre-tests improve learning, even when you get answers wrong?
This deck is inspired by the book “Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning” by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel.
Pre-testing is like attempting to unlock a door without the right key—though you fail, you become familiar with the lock, making it easier when you find the right fit. Even wrong guesses prime your brain for future success.
Retrieval practice strengthens memory by forcing the brain to reconstruct knowledge, making it more durable over time. Like lifting weights, the effort of recall builds mental strength and prevents forgetting.
Desirable Difficulties Lead to Long-Term Gains
How does practicing in different environments improve recall?
Practicing only in your bedroom is like learning to swim in a bathtub—you won’t be ready for open water. Play in different rooms, at different times of day, and even with background noise to strengthen recall.
Spaced Repetition Over Cramming
Why should you avoid cramming entire songs in one sitting?
Learning an entire piece at once is like trying to swallow a feast in a single bite—you’ll choke on details and forget most of it. Instead, break the song into digestible chunks, revisiting them over several days.
