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Lean Six Sigma Green Belt > Lean_Six_Sigma_100_Flashcards v3 > Flashcards

Lean_Six_Sigma_100_Flashcards v3

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Define Phase?

A

To identify the problem, define the project scope, and establish the goals of the improvement effort.

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2
Q

What tool is used to map out the high-level process flow in the Define Phase?

A

SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers).

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3
Q

What does a Project Charter include?

A

Problem statement, project scope, objectives, timeline, and team roles.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Measure Phase?

A

To quantify the current performance and collect data on the process.

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5
Q

What are the key components of a data collection plan?

A

Data to be collected, data sources, sampling methods, and operational definitions.

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6
Q

What is a process capability analysis used for?

A

To determine how well a process meets customer specifications.

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7
Q

What is the goal of the Analyze Phase?

A

To identify root causes of process defects or inefficiencies.

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8
Q

Name three tools commonly used in the Analyze Phase.

A

Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa), 5 Whys, Pareto Analysis.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a regression analysis in the Analyze Phase?

A

To identify relationships between variables and their impact on the outcome.

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10
Q

What is the main focus of the Improve Phase?

A

To implement and test solutions that address the root causes of defects.

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11
Q

What is a Design of Experiments (DOE)?

A

A statistical method used to determine the effect of multiple variables on an outcome.

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12
Q

What is a pilot study, and why is it conducted?

A

A small-scale implementation of a solution to test its effectiveness before full deployment.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Control Phase?

A

To sustain the improvements and ensure that the process remains stable over time.

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14
Q

Name two tools used in the Control Phase.

A

Control Charts and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

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15
Q

What is a Control Plan?

A

A document outlining the monitoring and response strategies to maintain process performance.

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16
Q

What does DPMO stand for, and how is it calculated?

A

Defects Per Million Opportunities; DPMO = (Defects / Opportunities × Units) × 1,000,000.

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17
Q

What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing?

A

Type I error is rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive), and Type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (false negative).

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18
Q

What is the significance of a p-value in hypothesis testing?

A

It indicates the probability of observing the test results under the null hypothesis. A p-value less than 0.05 typically suggests statistical significance.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of Value Stream Mapping (VSM)?

A

To visualize the flow of materials and information through a process to identify waste.

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20
Q

What are the 8 types of waste in Lean?

A

Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing, Defects, and Skills (TIMWOODS).

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21
Q

What is a Kaizen event?

A

A focused, short-term project to improve a process quickly.

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22
Q

What does DMAIC stand for?

A

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.

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23
Q

How does DMAIC differ from DMADV?

A

DMAIC focuses on improving existing processes, while DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) is for designing new processes.

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24
Q

What are Critical to Quality (CTQ) factors?

A

Attributes most important to the customer, derived from customer requirements.

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25
Q

What is a stakeholder analysis used for?

A

To identify and manage individuals or groups affected by the project.

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26
Q

What is a RACI matrix?

A

A tool that outlines who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed for specific tasks.

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27
Q

What is VOC, and why is it important?

A

Voice of the Customer; it captures customer needs and expectations to guide improvement efforts.

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28
Q

What is the purpose of a baseline measurement?

A

To establish the starting point for process performance before improvements.

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29
Q

What is the Gage R&R study used for?

A

To assess the precision and consistency of measurement systems.

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30
Q

What is the difference between continuous and discrete data?

A

Continuous data can take any value within a range, while discrete data is countable and finite.

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31
Q

What is a sampling plan?

A

A strategy for collecting data from a subset of the population to represent the whole.

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32
Q

What is hypothesis testing?

A

A statistical method to determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.

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33
Q

What is root cause analysis (RCA)?

A

A method to identify the primary cause of a problem.

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34
Q

What does FMEA stand for, and what is its purpose?

A

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis; it identifies and prioritizes potential failures in a process.

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35
Q

What is a Pareto chart, and how is it used?

A

A bar chart that ranks causes or defects by frequency to focus on the most significant issues.

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36
Q

What is brainstorming, and how is it applied?

A

A technique for generating creative ideas to solve problems.

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37
Q

What are the 5S principles?

A

Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain; they organize and improve the workplace.

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38
Q

What is a control-impact matrix?

A

A tool to prioritize improvement actions based on their control and impact.

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39
Q

What is mistake-proofing (Poka-Yoke)?

A

Designing processes to prevent errors or detect them immediately.

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40
Q

What is SPC, and why is it used?

A

Statistical Process Control; it monitors and controls process variation.

41
Q

What are leading and lagging indicators?

A

Leading indicators predict future performance, while lagging indicators measure past results.

42
Q

How does standardization help in the Control Phase?

A

It ensures consistency and repeatability of improved processes.

43
Q

What is the role of training in sustaining improvements?

A

To equip employees with the knowledge and skills to maintain process improvements.

44
Q

What is takt time?

A

The rate at which a product must be completed to meet customer demand.

45
Q

What is a bottleneck, and why is it important?

A

The slowest part of a process that limits overall throughput.

46
Q

What is the purpose of a value-added analysis?

A

To identify and reduce non-value-added activities in a process.

47
Q

What is a kanban system?

A

A visual system to manage workflow and inventory in a just-in-time environment.

48
Q

What is the role of benchmarking in Lean Six Sigma?

A

To compare processes against industry standards or best practices for improvement.

49
Q

What is the purpose of an affinity diagram?

A

To organize ideas and identify patterns for problem-solving.

50
Q

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

A

Correlation is a relationship between variables; causation implies one variable causes the other.

51
Q

What is a histogram?

A

A graphical representation of the distribution of data.

52
Q

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

A

It states that the sampling distribution of the mean approaches normality as sample size increases.

53
Q

What is the purpose of an ANOVA test?

A

To compare means across multiple groups to determine if there are significant differences.

54
Q

What is the difference between common cause and special cause variation?

A

Common cause variation is inherent to the process, while special cause variation is due to specific, identifiable factors.

55
Q

What is the purpose of a control chart?

A

To monitor process stability and detect unusual variation.

56
Q

What is the standard deviation, and why is it important?

A

A measure of the spread of data around the mean, indicating process variability.

57
Q

What does Cp measure in process capability?

A

The potential capability of a process to meet specifications, assuming it is centered.

58
Q

What is Cpk, and how does it differ from Cp?

A

Cpk measures the actual capability of a process, accounting for whether it is centered within specifications.

59
Q

What is a null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

A

A statement that there is no effect or difference, tested for possible rejection.

60
Q

What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

A

Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive).

61
Q

What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

A

Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (false negative).

62
Q

What is a scatter plot used for?

A

To visualize relationships between two variables.

63
Q

What is a confidence interval?

A

A range of values within which the true population parameter is expected to fall with a specified confidence level.

64
Q

What is a box plot, and what does it represent?

A

A graphical representation of data showing the median, quartiles, and outliers.

65
Q

What is the purpose of a process map?

A

To visualize the steps, inputs, and outputs of a process.

66
Q

What is Little’s Law?

A

It relates throughput, work-in-process, and cycle time in a stable process: WIP = Throughput × Cycle Time.

67
Q

What is a spaghetti diagram?

A

A visual representation of the physical flow of materials or people in a process.

68
Q

What is the role of a Lean Six Sigma Green Belt?

A

To lead improvement projects and support Black Belts in larger initiatives.

69
Q

What are the three main types of control charts?

A

X-bar/R charts, P-charts, and C-charts.

70
Q

What is a Kaizen event?

A

A focused, short-term initiative to make rapid process improvements.

71
Q

What is takt time, and how is it calculated?

A

The maximum time per unit allowed to meet customer demand; calculated as available time / customer demand.

72
Q

What is the purpose of an Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram?

A

To identify and organize potential causes of a problem.

73
Q

What is the 80/20 rule (Pareto Principle)?

A

80% of effects come from 20% of causes.

74
Q

What is the difference between Lean and Six Sigma?

A

Lean focuses on eliminating waste, while Six Sigma focuses on reducing variation.

75
Q

What is takt time?

A

The time it takes to produce one unit to meet customer demand.

76
Q

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in Lean Six Sigma?

A

To statistically determine if there is a significant difference between groups or changes.

77
Q

What is a SIPOC diagram?

A

A high-level process map identifying Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers.

78
Q

What is the purpose of a Value Stream Map?

A

To identify and eliminate waste in the process flow.

79
Q

What is a Gantt chart?

A

A tool used for project scheduling and tracking progress over time.

80
Q

What is a Monte Carlo simulation?

A

A statistical technique to model and analyze the impact of risk and uncertainty.

81
Q

What is Kanban?

A

A visual scheduling system to optimize workflow and inventory management.

82
Q

What is the purpose of a root cause analysis?

A

To systematically identify the underlying cause of a problem.

83
Q

What are the 7 wastes identified in Lean?

A

Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing, and Defects (TIMWOOD).

84
Q

What is the purpose of a histogram in Lean Six Sigma?

A

To visualize the distribution of data and identify patterns or outliers.

85
Q

What is the purpose of a control plan in the Control phase?

A

To ensure the improvements are sustained by defining monitoring and response strategies.

86
Q

What is a Project Charter?

A

A document that defines the objectives, scope, and participants of a project.

87
Q

What is the DMAIC methodology?

A

A structured problem-solving approach: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.

88
Q

What is an operational definition?

A

A clear and measurable definition of a concept or variable.

89
Q

What is process capability?

A

A measure of how well a process produces output within specification limits.

90
Q

What is the purpose of benchmarking?

A

To compare your process or performance against best-in-class standards.

91
Q

What is Voice of the Customer (VOC)?

A

Customer needs, wants, and expectations, collected to guide process improvements.

92
Q

What is the purpose of a control chart?

A

To monitor process performance and identify variation over time.

93
Q

What is the purpose of a fishbone diagram?

A

To identify potential causes of a problem in a structured manner.

94
Q

What is a balanced scorecard?

A

A strategic planning tool that measures organizational performance in multiple areas.

95
Q

What is standard work?

A

A documented and consistent approach to performing tasks or processes.

96
Q

What is a SIPOC diagram?

A

A tool used to define and map the high-level view of a process, including Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers.

97
Q

What is the purpose of regression analysis?

A

To identify relationships between independent variables and a dependent variable.

98
Q

What is the purpose of a control plan?

A

To ensure process improvements are maintained by monitoring critical metrics and response plans.

99
Q

What is an affinity diagram?

A

A tool to organize ideas into themes for better understanding and analysis.

Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (1 decks)

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