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conflict and tension > League of Nations success and failures > Flashcards

League of Nations success and failures Flashcards

1
Q

When was the crisis in Vilna (1st)?

A

1920

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2
Q

What was the crisis in Vilna?

A

New countries were formed post-WW1, e.g Lithuania. Vilna was to be the capital, but inhabitants wanted to stay Polish. So a polish army took control of Vilna, and Lithuania asked for help from the League

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3
Q

Was Vilna a success?

A

No. The League did nothing, as France did not want to lose Poland as an ally, and the British wouldn’t send troops without supporting countries.

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4
Q

Where was Upper Silesia?

A

On the border of Germany and Poland

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5
Q

Who was living in Upper Silesia?

A

Both Poles and Germans.

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6
Q

Why was there a plebiscite called in Upper Silesia in 1921?

A

So the Germans and the Poles could decide who owned Upper Silesia.

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7
Q

What was the outcome of the plebiscite in Upper Silesia?

A

Germany won 60% of votes. But, the League was called as Poles thought the outcome was unfair. So Upper Silesia was split.

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8
Q

Were the Germans and Poles satisfied with Upper Silesia being split.

A

No, both were dissatisfied.

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9
Q

Why were the Germans dissatisfied with their share of Upper Silesia?

A

Germany lost 75% of their coal mines. But the League ratified this by allowing them to import coal at a discounted rate in 1922.

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10
Q

Why were the Poles dissatisfied with their share of Upper Silesia?

A

They had half of the population but a third of the land.

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11
Q

How did the League ensure that the partition of Upper Silesia ran smoothly?

A

They ensured that rail links, water and electricity were supplied to both sides.

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12
Q

How did the partition of Upper Silesia lead to future German-Polish conflict?

A

When the agreement ended in 1925, relations worsened.

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13
Q

Which countries claimed the Aaland islands?

A

Sweden and Finland.

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14
Q

Which country was granted the Aaland islands, and under what terms?

A

Finland in 1921, but they were not allowed to build forts on them to attack Sweden.

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15
Q

Was the League successful when dealing with the Aaland islands?

A

Yes, they successfully stopped war between Finland and Sweden.

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16
Q

What year was the Corfu incident?

A

1923

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17
Q

Who was given the job of surveying Greek and Albanian borders (Corfu), and what happened to him?

A

An Italian general named Tellini, who was murdered with his team.

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18
Q

What was Mussolini’s reaction to Tellini being killed?

A

He was furious and demanded execution of the murderers, and for the Greek government to pay compensation. Italian troops then invaded Corfu.

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19
Q

How many people did Mussolini kill in his occupation of Corfu

A

15

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20
Q

What did the League do when Greece appealed?

A

They condemned Italy, but still agreed at that Greece should pay compensation

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21
Q

What group did Mussolini complain to after the League condemned him?

A

The Conference of Ambassadors - powerful countries (britian, france and japan)

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22
Q

What did the Conference of Ambassadors do with Greece?

A

They forced Greece to apologise and pay compensation to Italy

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23
Q

So, was Corfu a success for the League?

A

No. They proved that they could be undermined and ignored by a more powerful group

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24
Q

What year was the Bulgaria incident?

A

1925

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25
Q

Why did Greek troops invade Bulgaria?

A

Greek soldiers were killed on the Bulgarian border

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26
Q

What did the League do when Bulgaria appealed?

A

They condemned Greece and ordered them to withdraw troops and pay compensation

27
Q

Was the League successful when dealing with Bulgaria?

A

Yes, Greece obeyed as they felt threatened by the powerful countries in the League.

28
Q

Which year was the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

1928

29
Q

What was the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

65 countries met in Paris and agreed that they would not use war to settle disputes

30
Q

Which were the first countries involved in the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

Germany, France and the USA. because germany and the us werent in the league

31
Q

Was the League involved in the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

No, undermining them as an international PEACE cooperation

32
Q

Which year was the Mukden Incident?

A

1931

33
Q

Which resources is Manchuria rich in?

A

Coal and iron ore

34
Q

Was China a strong country in the 1930’s?

A

No, the country was split into many regions and ruled by local warlords who ignored the government.

35
Q

Why did Japan decide to invade Manchuria?

A

They were struggling after the Wall Street Crash as their main traders were U.S. people for luxuries (silk).

36
Q

Why did Japan choose Manchuria to invade?

A

Manchuria is (geographically) close to Japan and the Japanese army was getting stronger after the Washington Naval Agreement.

37
Q

Which Japanese army took control of Manchuria after the railway attack?

A

The Kwantung Army

38
Q

Was the Japanese government happy with the Kwantung army’s takeover?

A

No, but they had to go along with the invasion

39
Q

In 1932, what was Manchuria renamed as?

A

Manchuko

40
Q

Who was put in charge of Manchuko and why?

A

Pu Yi, an ex emperor, because Japan could control his decisions

41
Q

What are two reasons the League was reluctant to react to Manchuria?

A

Japan was a powerful member of the League, and China’s politics were disorganised, so some felt the Japanese were trying to bring order to the country

42
Q

What did the League do in response to Manchuria?

A

They morally condemned Japan and sent out a Commission of Inquiry, led by Lord Lytton

43
Q

When was the Lytton report published?

A

October 1932

44
Q

What did the Lytton report say?

A

Japan was in the wrong

45
Q

How did Japan respond to the moral condemnation?

A

They refused to withdraw their troops from Manchuria

46
Q

How did Japan respond to the Lytton report?

A

They left the league and invaded Jehol

47
Q

How did Manchuria contribute to the end of the League?

A

-One of its own members acted against the covenant
-The League acted slowly and their actions were futile
-Dictators began brewing ideas of how to get around the League

48
Q

When did Mussolini invade Abyssinia?

A

1934 December

49
Q

Why did Mussolini think invading Abyssinia would be easy?

A

He owned colonies bordering Abyssinia

50
Q

Why did Mussolini think Abyssinia would be good for the Italian economy?

A

Abyssinia was rich in natural resources and had good land for grazing animals

51
Q

Why was national pride a reason Mussolini wanted to invade Abyssinia?

A

He had failed to invade before, so wanted revenge on Abyssinia to restore national pride?

52
Q

Why was Mussolini convinced Britain and France would not stop him from colonising Abyssinia?

A

They signed the Stresa Front (unite against Hitler), so Mussolini was under the impression the French would do anything to keep Italy as an ally against Hitler.

53
Q

Where did Abyssinian and Italian soldier first clash?

A

Wal Wal

54
Q

How many people were killed in this first clash

A

150 Abyssinians, 2 Italians

55
Q

Did the League try to intervene at this clash between Italy and Abyssinia?

A

Yes, but they found it difficult to stop Mussolini

56
Q

Who was the French foreign minister in 1935?

A

Pierre Laval

57
Q

What did Pierre Laval and Mussolini agree in Jan 1935?

A

-France promised Italy not to interfere with Somaliland and Eritrea
-Italy was given land in Chad
-Laval let Mussolini deal with Abyssinia as he saw fit

58
Q

What did Haile Selassie say to the League in June 1935

A

HE warned them of the effects their lack of action would have on Abyssinia

59
Q

Did the League do anything in reaction to Selassies appeal?

A

No, so Mussolini invaded the capital Addis Ababa in 1936

60
Q

What could Britain and France have done to prevent the Abyssinia crisis regarding the Suez Canal?

A

They could have closed it to prevent Italy moving troops and supplies to Abyssinia

61
Q

Why did they fail to close the Suez Canal?

A

They were worried about upsetting Mussolini in fears he would team up with Hitler, so they tried to keep Italy on their side.

62
Q

What was the Hoare Laval 1935 pact?

A

The two foreign ministers secretly agreed to give Italy areas in Abyssinia.

63
Q

What were the terms of the Hoare Laval pact?

A

Abyssinia would be shrunk to half of its size, and they would only keep mountainous areas

64
Q

What did the Hoare Laval pact prove?

A

Members of the League were willing to undermine the League for their own self interest

conflict and tension (4 decks)

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