League Of Nations Flashcards
The structure of the assembly
They met once a year, every country had one vote which meant come to anonymous decision. 🙂
However can be over ruled by the council. 😕
Structure of the council
Veto meant to solve disputes between members not for personal interest (Italy🇮🇹) Permanent members (Britain🇬🇧,France🇫🇷,Italy🇮🇹,Japan🇯🇵) Mets few times a year to deal with emergencies
What where the powers of the council
Moral condemnation
Economic and social sanctions
Armed intervention - collective security never happened
Veto
Success of the LofN
Prisoners of war returned home (1920) Asland islands (1921) Austria 🇦🇹 (1923) Bulgaria 🇧🇬 (1925) Slave trade (1926) Drugs- opium was stopped (1926) Disease leprosy was conquered (1929)
Failures of the league (9)
Vilna (1920) Poland 🇵🇱 (1921) Corfu (1923) Memel (1923) Ruhr (1923) Disarmament (1923 + 1932) Manchuria Abyssinia USA did not join
What happened in Manchuria
Japan invaded Manchuria using a disturbance in Mukden railway. Manchuria asked for help and LofN produced Lytton’s report a year later showing japan in the wrong it used it veto then left and the League did nothing.
Why did Manchuria happen
Japan was affected by the depression and could not feed its growing population meaning it need more land.
Military regime so they wanted war instead they invaded Manchuria and set up their own government
What happens in Abyssinia
Italy invaded Abyssinia after seeing Japan succeed with no consequences. The league imposed economic sanction on Italy but didn’t oil since America not in league also didn’t close the Suez Canal so supplies got through. Italy conquered Abyssinia in 1936.😱
Why did Abyssinia happen
Mussolini wanted revenge, greater empire, well positioned for him to extend East African empire, Italy in depression and rearmed.
What happened in Corfu and when
In 1923 some Italians where shot by Greeks and Mussolini overreacted and hated a great compensation, Greeks refused. League sided with the Greeks - Italy used veto and bombed + captured Corfu.
What is the biggest failure of the league from the beginning
USA didn’t join weakened the league- ‘gab in the bridge’ cartoon.
missed out on powerful country support army wise particularly
What was moral condemnation
Pressure, shame,criticism and ridicule
What is economic and social sanctions?
Stop selling a country various things or buying things from them
What is Armed intervention?
League members would contribute to a large Army/Navy to fight against a rule breaker
What was the role of the secretariat
Organised, translated and kept all the members informed. It organised reports and committees 📄
Why did disarmament fail?
Europe couldn’t do it cause was step to far and not straight forward. Not easy and hard. ⚱️
What was the Dawes plan?
Was American idea to fund German industry so that Germany could pay back their reparations to France and Britain. So the Ruhr would no longer be occupied.
The Locarno treaty was a agreement was between?
France, GB, Italy, Germany
Wilson’s 14 points aims
To bring peace to the world
Name 4 of the fourteen points?
- There should be no secret deals or treaties between states
- Countries should be free to send ships anywhere
- Should be free trade between countries
- level of armaments should be reduced
- future of colonies should be revised and wishes of locals considered
Treaty of Versailles is
Germany - only country with war guilt, Armaments reduction were 80% of navy also demilitarised
Treaty of saint Germain
Austria - Armaments reduction were no navy and 30,000 volunteers also no conscription, Reparations they agreed but never set also were bankrupt before paying, territorial losses were country lost slices of territory for new country’s biggest countries reduced, allowed in LofN in 1920.
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary - Armaments reduction 35,500 volunteers with 3 boats land locked and no conscription, Reparations 200 million gold crowns also could not pay was suspended, Territorial losses were Austria Hungary empire was dismantled also 30% Hungarian now live outside their country and were allowed to join LofN in 1923.
Treaty of Neiully
Bulgaria - Armed reduction where 20,000 volunteers only and no Air Force also no conscription, Reparations where 2.25 billion francs but they only payed 90 million.
Treaty of sevres
Turkey - Armaments reduction is 50,000 soldiers and 7 sailboats, no reparations, territorial losses the Turkish empire dismantled also allowed in LofN in 1932.
Brest Litovsk
Russia - had to pay 6 billion also territorial losses of 6.6 million people, 27% farm land also 74% iron + coal.
Who were the winners of LofN
Poland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Romania Little entente
Poland why a winner
Re-emerged as a country and comes close to France. LofN member so it can militarise also fought against Russia in 1920 to secure freedom. Part of little entente also contained many different ethics from vary of country’s had gained land from.
Czechoslovakia is winner why
Formed out of the collapse of A-H empire. LofN member can militarise also Czechoslovakia was close to France, multi ethnic country.
Yugoslavia winner …
Formed out of collapse of A-H empire, LofN member can militarise also close to France part of little entente.
Romania is winner cause
Formed out of the collapse of A-H empire. LofN member can militarise and part of the little entente close to France.
Little entente
After WW1 France encouraged newly formed independent countries to form military alliance. Protect each other against Hungary + Austria, France used it against Germany. Britain still followed appeasement so didn’t join.
