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Leadership Nursing > Leadership exam 1 > Flashcards

Leadership exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Morals

A

traditional beliefs of good & bad, right or wrong

example: it is not good to kill someone

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2
Q

Values

A

Ideas, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by an individual groups or society

It guides behaviors:
- frame of reference
- direction
- meaning of life

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3
Q

Belief systems

A

1) Why people exist in this universe
2) Explain life and death, good, evil, health, and illness
3) Personal belief system vs religion
4) Help survivors make decisions and live with them afterwards

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4
Q

Ethics

A

right or wrong of human behavior

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5
Q

Ethical theories

A

explain values and behavior related to cultural and moral norms

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6
Q

Philosophy

A

examination of beliefs and assumptions

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7
Q

Why should we be reflective about our personal values?

A

Self awareness
Values clarification allow us the opportunity to understand our interactions and reactions

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8
Q

Moral Theory

A

Provides a framework for cohesive and consistent ethical reasoning and decision making

Two moral theories having the greatest influence on contemporary bioethics and nursing
1) Utilitarianism
2) Deotology

Moral philosophy response with words that include:
1) ought
2)should
3) right
4)wrong
5)good
6) bad

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9
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Moral philosophy of healthcare delivery

Holds that an action is judged as good or bad in relation to the consequence, outcome , or result that is derived from it

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10
Q

Act-utilitarianism

A

A persons act is morally right only if it produces at least as much happiness as any other act that the person can perform at that time

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11
Q

Rule-utilitarianism

A

People choose rules in ALL situation that increase the overall good

Example: handwashing

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12
Q

Deontology

A

Roots in rationalism ( sense of duty)

Belief that rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act NOT its consequences

Example: CPR; if patient is at code it is your duty to do CPR

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13
Q

Virtue Ethics

A

Morality depends upon a person’s character

A virtuous person will naturally choose the morally right decision

Virtues/morally important traits:
Compassion
Discernment ( ability to judge well)
Trustworthiness
Integrity

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14
Q

Value Clarification

A

Value Clarification: deciding what one believes is important

Choosing:
Choosing freely
Choosing from alternatives
Deciding after giving consideration to the consequences of each alternative

Prizing:
Being satisfied about the choice
Being willing to declare the choice to others

Acting:
Making the choice a part of one’s worldview and incorporating it into behavior

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15
Q

Moral distress

A

When nurses know the action they need to take but are unable to act

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16
Q

Moral suffering

A

Nurses experience a feeling of uneasiness or concern regarding behaviors or circumstances that challenge their own morals and beliefs

17
Q

Ethical Principles

A

Basic and obvious moral truths that guide actions
Presuppose a basic respect for persons

Autonomy

Beneficence

Veracity

Non-maleficence

Confidentiality

Justice

Fidelity

18
Q

Autonomy:

A

Self-governing
- The autonomous person is respect
- The autonomous person is able to determine personal goals
- The autonomous person is able to decide on a plan
- The autonomous person is able to act upon their choices

Value of autonomy is culturally dependent ( example: whatever the fathers say for the child is the decision)

Respect for autonomy does not require respect for all autonomous decisions

Respect the principle rather than each action or choice

19
Q

Informed consent

A

legal protection of personal autonomy ( give patients autonomy)

20
Q

Paternalism

A

places power in the hands of the person who is making for the decision, implies that the decision maker knows what is best

(opposite of autonomy, someone other than patient is making the decision)

21
Q

Advocacy

A

ensures the patients welfare and respects the patients autonomy because it aims to act according to the patients values

( advocacy and autonomy go hand in hand; nurses are patient advocates … example: speaking up for yourself or for a patient)

22
Q

Beneficence

A

Beneficence: ( providing a benefit to the patient)

The act of
Doing good
Preventing harm
Removing evil/harm

23
Q

Preventing harm

A

Ask yourself:
In what instances might a nurse be compelled to prevent harm?
How far should a nurse go to prevent harm?

24
Q

Remove evil/harm

A

Ask yourself:
In what type of situations would a nurse need to remove harm?
What are the risks to the nurse?

25
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

do no harm

26
Q

Veracity

A

The practice of telling the truth

This is controversial at times
Discussion: is there any acceptable situation for not telling the truth?

Veracity, confidentiality, and privacy go hand in hand

Confidentiality requires information be kept private
- Limitations?

27
Q

Justice

A

appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons

28
Q

Fidelity

A

faithfulness/ promise keeping

Nurses must faithfully
1) Uphold the professions code of ethics
2) Practice within established scope of practice
3) Practice competently
4) Keep promises to patients

29
Q

Caring for patients involves respect

Respect is demonstrated when nurses apply these ethical principles when caring for patients

Ethical principles must always be taken into consideration even when healthcare seems

A
30
Q

Analysis

A

What is the problem?
Simple or complex, routine or moral

Moral problems are complex and as such the decision-making process must not be taken lightly

These decisions cannot be undone - irreversible

31
Q

Types of Moral Problems

A

Moral uncertainty
Moral dilemma
Moral distress
Moral outrage
Moral reckoning

32
Q

Moral uncertainty

A

Not sure of the morally correct action

Two answers can be correct; you are uncertain

33
Q

Moral dilemma

A

A problem

Requires a choice between two equally unfavorable and mutually exclusive options

Example: it is morally right to preserve life however, many would agree that is it wrong to prolong suffering

A moral dilemma occurs when solutions to a problem include conflicting moral claims

34
Q

Moral Dilemma Presentation

A

Two ways moral dilemmas may present:

Evidence indicates that an act is morally right, and other evidence indicates that the act is morally wrong, but no evidence is conclusive

One moral rule supports one course of action and another moral rule supports another course of action yet the two actions are mutually exclusive

35
Q

Ethical Decision Making

A

Basic features constitute every type of decision:

A problem

Alternative solutions

Uncertainty

Outcome

36
Q

Effective Decision Maker

A

Moral integrity

Sensitivity, compassion, and caring

Sense of responsibility

Empowerment

Patience and willingness to deliberate

Knowledgeable about societal rules, ethical principles, and professional standards

37
Q

Ethical Decision-Making Process

A

Articulate the problem ( figure out the problem)

Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims ( gather data from the internet)

Explore strategies ( explore different ideas)

Implement the chosen strategy

Evaluate outcomes ( document/ evaluate the outcome)

38
Q

Solution to moral dilemmas

A

nursing process (ADPIE)

Leadership Nursing (1 decks)

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